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+--------------------------+ | | | | | | | | ||| ||| | | | ||| ||||| ||||| ||| | | ||||||||||||||||||||||| | | ------------------------ | | D I G I T A L R U L E S | +--------------------------+ Digital Signals FAQ Version: 5.3 Last Update: Aug 23, 1997 Portions Updated 2001-2004 by Worldwide Utility News Copyright (C) 1995,1996,1997 by Stan Scalsky Copyright (C) 1995,1996,1997 by Mike Chace sscalsk@mail.ameritel.net mikec@praxis.co.uk ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Changes made for Version 5.3 - New version of chapter 6: Decoders - Added new info to chapter 7 Changes made for Version 5.0 - Added LESW, new 39-tone modem, HELLSCHREIBER, Mazielka, DGPS, CODAN - Enhanced VFT section, fixed CLOVER-2000 tbl errors, updated MS5 - MIL188, COQ-82, Twinplex, RAC-ARQ, CROWD36, IRA-ARQ, PSK - New Decoder info on Code 3 Gold, Wavecom W4100DSP and W41pc, Shareware - New Section - ACF Summary - New Appendix section Changes made for Version 4.0 - New modes info, 36-50, 4+4, 1200-FSK, NATO, VFT, PSK and mystery modes - New Reordered VHF info, added new FLEX, POCSAG, ERMES, NEC-D3 info - New info added for Amateur modes - Expanded Alphabet Tables - SELCAL info added w/New Table - References section updated ------------------------------------------------------------------------ This Signals FAQ is a collaborative effort, maintained by Stan Scalsky and Mike Chace. Any questions, comments or corrections will gladly be accepted. The authors imply no guarantee on this information and do not claim to be experts or professionals in the field of signal monitoring. All information has been gathered from public domain sources, manufacturers documents, decoder documentation, real time analysis and any radio related publication that cares to write about digital signals. We have tried to research for correctness each mode listed but it must be said that there are a lot of inaccuracies and dis- information present in the mainstream press. It is therefore a safe assumption to assume that those inaccuracies could also appear here. Many thanks to those of you who post logs, information and answer stupid questions in the various forums that cover digital signals - you know who you are. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * NOTICE: All contributors of information, tidbits, comments and corrections will be considered confidential when constructing this document. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * A word of Caution: the rules about listening to signals not intended for you applies here. The contents of many signals might be considered sensitive by the party sending and the reception of such signals may be illegal in your country. The authors neither condone or encourage such acts * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * I would like to solicit material, to be included later, on any other analysis techniques and/or DF techniques the utilities community is currently using. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 0 - Introduction Section 1 - Modes on Shortwave 1-A. Single tone systems 1-B. Synchronous data block systems 1-C. Packet-like systems/Asynchronous data block systems 1-D. Multi-tone systems/MFSK systems 1-E. FAX-like systems 1-F. SSTV modes 1-G. Synchronous bit stream systems 1-H. Asynchronous bit stream systems 1-I. Multi-channel systems 1-J. Phase Shift Keying systems 1-K. Mystery systems Section 2 - Modes on VHF 2-A. VHF Data Signals 2-B. Special Amateur Digital/Video Modes 2-C. VHF SELCAL and Analog Paging Systems 2-D. VHF Digital Paging Signals 2-E. VHF Two-Way Paging Signals Section 3 - Baud Rate Summary Table Section 4 - ACF Summary Table Section 5 - System Parameters Summary Tables Table 5-A - Synchronous Data Block Systems Table 5-B - Asynchronous Data Block Systems Table 5-C - Asynchronous Bit Stream Systems Table 5-D - Synchronous Bit Stream Systems Table 5-E - Multi-tone/MFSK/PSK Systems Table 5-F - Twinplex Parameters Table 5-G - Alphabets Table 5-H - Crowd-36 Tones and Alphabet Table 5-I - 5/6 Tone Paging Parameter Tables Section 6 - Decoders Introduction - What Decoders are available 6.A Professional/Semi Pro Units 6.A.1 Hoka Decoders 6.A.2 Wavecom Decoders 6.A.3 SCS Decoders 6.A.4 Universal Decoders 6.A.5 Timewave Units 6.A.6 Decoder/Receiver Control Software 6.A.7 Skysweeper 6-B Amateur Radio/Hobby Units 6.B.1 Out of Production Discontinued Models 6.B.2 Current Models 6.B.3 Self Contained Units 6-C Public Domain/Shareware Software 6-D Selected Soundcard Interfaces 6-E Terminal Node Controller/Demodulator Support programs 6.E.1 DOS Programs 6.E.2 Windows Programs 6.E.3 Linux Programs 6-F DSP Audio Programs Section 7 - Reference Materials 7.A Selected Vendors and Sites 7.B Magazines and Books 7.C Frequency Databases 7-D Tape and CD Reference Materials 7-E Mailing Lists (Reflectors) Section 8 - Appendix 8-A Abbreviations 8-B Emission Classification ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Section 0 - Introduction This Signals FAQ is designed to give utility listeners a sampling of the kinds of signals and sounds available on shortwave/vhf radio today along with information on the available equipment needed to understand, analyze or identify these signals. Our primary focus is to present the parameters that define the most commonly heard systems as an aid for utility monitors and not an exhaustive discussion of HF digital signalling theory. It is also our intention to give monitors a best guess clue as to who the user of an unconfirmed signal may be. With conditions being dismal over the last few years coverage of Utility Listening, especially Digital Utilities, has been dropped from most of the main stream shortwave magazines. But in and of itself, Digital Utility listening is inherently more difficult than regular shortwave listening. The possibility of decoding the signal received adds another level of complexity. This FAQ is an attempt to let those beginners who are thinking of or wondering what digital signals can be received and decoded and maybe provide the more advanced listener with a little more information to identify those unknowns. Here in lies the basic problem with digital utility listening - lack of information. Many systems are used by Military or Diplomatic Services and information on the specifics of a particular mode are impossible to find, even from the manufacturer. Many are considered proprietary, but that doesn't mean that a signal can not be identified! With the proper tools a given signal can be identified via the way it sounds (aurally) or how it looks (visually). Most decoders that include some kind of signal analysis can ID a signal by bit-pattern or baud rate. Many signals have a unique baud, i.e. 300 baud packet, 240 baud HC-ARQ or 164.5/218.3 ROU-FEC. Once a signal is identified there are many decoders that can print the traffic for you but keep in mind various kinds of encryption are commonly found in use with these signals. Encryption types include figure group or letter group messages and even random bit-masking or bitstream encryption, which looks like a continuous stream of random characters. You may often read the term "on-line" and "off- line" used in conjunction with various encryption schemes. Generally, off-line encryption is taken to mean groups of letters or numbers (most usually groups of five), whereas on-line schemes just appear as a continuous stream of random characters. Keep in mind that you must be able to find a signal before you can apply the power of the decoder on the signal for identification and possible decoding. Most signals found on the airwaves today are obvious with easily distinguish- able sounds, from chirping to two tone FSK to musical multitone MFSK, but as communication technology develops this will most likely change. It is safe to say that the more efficient a modulation/coding method is, the more noise like it must become. I have heard it said in some digital groups that "Any sufficiently advanced communication is indistinguishable from noise". And now a word about decoders... There are many kinds of data decoders available ranging from public domain packages to professional dedicated units. Prices vary from free up to very expensive and price is dependent on how much you want to be able to decode and what tools are available for signal analysis and identification. Public domain packages, while good, can not compete with the capability provided by the more expensive dedicated data decoder unit. It is safe to say that price goes up with increased capability in this market - be prepared to spend some big money if you want to cover a lot of modes. A good rule of thumb is that a top-spec decoder will cost as much as a top-spec radio, i.e. upwards of 2,000 dollars. You'll also need to decide upon whether to buy a stand-alone decoder or one that requires a computer to run. The latter option will of course increase the cost if you don't already possess a machine, but does add flexibility to a decoder. See the Decoders reference in Section 5 for unit specifics on capability and pricing. What should you look for in a decoder? Some useful features include: - Signal Identification - Accurate baud rate measurement - Correlation Bit Analysis - Variety in modes decoded/identified - Ability to save captured text (disk and printer) - Tools for analysis You can't beat a good Signal Identification Mode, both the Wavecom units and Hoka units include this option. Also, more recently some Trialware software (RadioRAFT) is including Signal Identification. A good Signal Identification mode simplifies the task of figuring out what mode is currently tuned, but keep in mind that even the best Identification mode is not always 100% correct. A common problem is that some keying systems share common idle characteristics (for example: SWED-ARQ, SITOR-A and TWINPLEX or SITOR-B and POL-ARQ) and active traffic is needed to correctly identify the exact mode. Also the presence of local interference, various propagation effects, or a noisy signal can make it difficult to correctly identify. Universal decoders do not include an Identification mode. Accurate measurement of baud rate is another vital capability. Many modes can be accurately identified on baud rate alone because many rates are unique to a keying system. It also provides the opportunity to "fingerprint" a signal, system or the user. For example, the Hoka decoders can measure baudrate accurately to 3 decimal places in the presence of a quality signal but also do well on marginal signals, eventually settling down on a reasonable measurement. If your signal is full of noise you might not see 3 decimal places but at least on Hoka decoders you will have displayed those decimal places that make sense - a very nice feature. Universal decoders have trouble with accurate baud rate measurement on the faster keying systems (for example: 192 ARQ-E) and noisy signals can be particularly confusing resulting in some very odd numbers. I don't have any direct experience with the Wavecom line of decoders so I will not offer a comparison here. See the Baud Rate Summary Table in Section 3 for further information. Autocorrelation Bit is a technique that samples the incoming digitized bit stream and presents the data as a graph of bit occurrences plotted against time. This will show when patterns occur within a signal, allowing you to determine the number of bits in a character frame (this is commonly referred to as the ACF), giving you another piece of information when working out an unidentified system. This kind of analysis tool reveals cycle period and shows when there are NO patterns in a signal indicating an encrypted or random bit-masked signal, allowing you to move quickly onto more productive signals. Hoka and Wavecom decoders include autocorrelation bit modules. See the ACF Summary Table in Section 4 for further information. Mode variety is a personal preference. I would like to have a module for any mode I can receive in the spectrum! While not possible or realistic I will take as many as I can get. I find there is nothing more frustrating than being able to receive a clean signal and then not being able to identify or decode it (ignoring the problem of encrypted signals for the moment). As of this writing it seems that Hoka offers the largest variety of modes, followed by Wavecom and finally Universal. See the manufacturers listing in Section 5 for the modes decoded by various units. The ability to save decoded output to a file and/or the printer should be considered a very important feature of any decoder. Having some form of hard copy, on disk preferably, allows for archiving for later reference or later analysis and independent printing and editing. Hoka decoders have the ability to save decoded text to disk or output to the printer. I believe Wavecom units have a similar ability. Universal decoders support direct output to a printer and with some software can capture to disk. If you are interested in going beyond the Identification and decoding of signals heard on the air you are going to need tools. Tools such as Spectrum Analyzers, Character Analysis and Phase modules are some of the necessary tools needed to analyze today's modern systems. This is, for obvious reasons, not for everyone. As of this writing, Hoka and Wavecom, provide extensive tool sets for analyzing signals. Universal decoders provide primitive tools sets but in all fairness, Universal decoders are not really meant for analysis but rather are best used for decoding known systems. Shareware/Trialware software is starting to include more sophisticated tools. See the listing of manufacturers in Section 5 for details. I also like a responsive manufacturer who regularly updates their decoder in line with developments "on the air". Variations on existing systems and completely new systems are still appearing today. See the table in section 1-K for some examples. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Section 1 - Modes on Shortwave What modes are currently on shortwave? This section attempts to present a little information about each kind of signal that can be heard within the shortwave spectrum. Signals are grouped together by the way they sound. This is an attempt to narrow the field of possible signals when trying to identify an unknown. The typical baud rate(s) of the signal is mentioned, if known, and any other synonyms or possible names are given. But ... don't make the assumption that these are ALL the modes you will ever hear. There are many signals that remain unidentified. See section 1-K for an extensive list of unknowns. For specific details concerning modulation, framing and alphabets used by any of the following signals see Section 4.0 on System Parameters. 1-A. SINGLE TONE systems. Single tone systems are becoming common these days with the classic Morse still in use and found in most utility bands. Newer single tone systems using Phase Shift modulation are starting to appear and are supposed to perform well in poor conditions. CW Morse code still used by the Amateur community and Marine operations. Speed varies depending on whether hand generated or machine generated but rates varying from 10-400 can be found. Most often found using either the standard or Cyrillic Morse character set. LINK-11 LESW There is a new Link-Eleven Single-tone Waveform (LESW) specification. It features an 8 phase PSK (DCPSK, Differentially Coherent PSK), scrambled, 1800Hz tone. The system is supposed to be good against poor HF conditions and problems such as multipath and fading. Throughput rates up to 4800bps occur with block inter- leaving of 0, 1.2 or 9.6 sec delay. Each packet has 192 bits (80ms) + 64 bits sync (26.67ms), each frame carries 72 bits of user info and the last frame always contains a 72 bit stop sequence. See MIL-STD-188-110A or NATO STANAG 4285. This waveform is implemented in the General Atronic GA-122 HF modem or the Harris RF-5254B. Swedish diplo stations use a derivative of this system from Rockwell/Collins (Mediaware). Single tone modems sound like 3kHz of noise. HF=Datalink An ACARS-like system used between airplanes and ground stations for passing tech info is now operational on HF. The system is an adaption of the MIL-188-110A single tone waveform modem and uses 8PSK modulation at a rate of 3600chips/s. Ground stations broadcast system manage- ment uplink packets ('squitters') every 32s on 3 or more active frequencies. This assists in finding error free channels. Adaptive rates of 150, 300, 600, 1200 and 1800 bps are supported. See Monitoring Times 6/95 Plane Talk or the Digital Review column in WUN 10/95 (V1/10) and WUN 11/95 (V1/11) for more info. Also known as HFDL or ACARS on HF. You may see this referenced as ARINC 753. 1-B. SYNCHRONOUS DATA BLOCK signals. Signals of this type generally sound like SITOR-A - a distinctive chirping sound is their main characteristic. Short SWED-ARQ sounds and is exactly like Sitor-A. Idling TWINPLEX is the same as Sitor-A. To identify these signals by ear may be impossible depending on which mode they are currently in. A decoder that can determine signal type may need active traffic to correctly identify the mode currently tuned. ARQ6-70 A simplex ARQ system with a 70 bit block length using the ITA3 alphabet. A regular user is unknown but the French Diplo service has in the past. No loggings have been found for quite some time and no loggings have been reported in the previous year via WUN. ARQ6-90/98 6-character-block simplex ARQ used by French and Italian Diplo services, typically 200 bd. ARQ-6/90 and ARQ-6/98 differ in their inter datablock timing. G-TOR Golay Transmission over Radio. A system developed by engineers at Kantronics, Inc. Users of this system include Military (Irish Air Corp, Irish Navy, Mexican Army), governmental agencies (ICRC) and the Albanian Christian Network (ACN). See WUN/Utility Round-Up 2/97 (V3.2) for more information on the ACN. G-tor's "claimed" main advantage is speed - up to 4x faster than pactor. It also incorporates a data inter- leaving system that assists in minimizing the effects of atmospheric noise and has the ability to fix garbled data. G-tor tries to perform all transmissions at 300bd but drops to 200bd if difficulties are encountered and finally to 100 bd. All acknowledgments (ACK's and NAK's) are sent at 100 bd. SWED-ARQ Swedish Adaptive simplex ARQ used by Swedish Diplo services, typically 100 bd. Comes in the 3 packet lengths: 3, 9 and 22. Universal literature refers to this as short, medium and long. The system is able to change packet length in mid transmission, depending on conditions, giving SWED-ARQ its adaptive capability. Also known as ARQ-SWE. TWINPLEX 4 frequency diplex system used by organizations such as Interpol and United Nations and the government Diplo services of countries such as Australia, Denmark, Holland, Norway, Pakistan and Spain. Typically runs at 100 and rarely at 200 or 300 bd. This 2 channel system supports several different shift parameters and word, bit, character or not-interleaved of the channel characters but is easy to identify because of its 4 peak signal. Reference Table 4-F for all the parameters. This system was developed by Thrane and Thrane of Denmark. Also known as F7B4 or TWINPLEX-SITOR. Also see Section 1-H, BAUDOT/F7BBN, for another form of TWINPLEX. SITOR-A The most common ARQ signal used by Amateur, Marine and some Gov. Diplo services, typically 100 bd. SITOR-A is most commonly monitored with a 170Hz shift but stations such as MOI Spain have been monitored using a 400Hz shift, Guardia Civil, Spain have also used a 400Hz wide shift, the Spanish Air Force has been using a 300Hz wide shift and the Norwegian Navy has been found using 300Hz and 850Hz shift. Also known as ARQ or TOR. Common User Shift (Hz) ---------------------------- ---------- Amateur, Marine, Gov. Diplo 170 Spanish Air Force 300 MOI Spain 400 Guardia Civil, Spain 400 Norwegian Navy 300 850 SI-ARQ Siemens Simplex ARQ used by Austrian and Indonesian Diplo services, typically 96, 144, 192 or 200 bd. Also known as ARQ-S or ARQ-1000S. MERLIN/ALIS/ Rohde & Schwarz simplex ARQ, so far found in use by RS-ARQ German, Italian (MFA and GDF), Nairobi and Turkish Diplo services, typically 228.7bd but reports of 457.0 have been noted. Usually found with an ACF=59. There appears to be no "real" name for the data system. Now referred to in Klingenfuss documents as ALIS but strictly speaking, ALIS is only the automatic link processor and frequency management system. It is not responsible for generating the traffic. ALIS is there- fore somewhat of a misnomer. The modems generating the traffic are the GM857 and GM2000. Our suggestion is to stick with RS-ARQ as the system name. Many of the diplo users actually control their networks with MERLIN, the name for the R&S complete data-over- radio and message handling system that can transparently deal with many types of data (fax and voice included). Consequently it has many modes. See Klingenfuss Radio- teletype Code Manual 13th Ed. under "ALIS" for more information. Formerly referenced as RS-ARQ in the 12th Edition. Reference section 1-D for the multi-tone ALIS-2 system and section 1-C for a packet-like MERLIN system. DUP-ARQ A semi-duplex ARQ system used by the Thai and Hungarian Diplomatic service with unconfirmed use by at least one other Far Eastern Diplomatic service so this system is not unique to the Hungarians. Baud rate is typically 125 bd using ITA-2. If a DUP-ARQ system detects inter- ference it will change frequency in 400Hz steps. If a 3kHz channel is full of interference the system will select another frequency. Also known as ARTRAC, or 125-ARTRAC. DUP-ARQ-2 An ARQ system with the same block timing as DUP-ARQ but runs at twice the baud rate - 250 bd and uses the ITA2 or ITA5 character set. Recent DUP-ARQ systems now auto-switch to DUP-ARQ-2 at 250bd so this system is really an enhancement to the original DUP-ARQ system. Automatic channel selection and channel hopping are still supported. Also known as ARTRAC II. First listed in Klingenfuss 14th Ed. Utility Guide. This system has been monitored sending foxes de stc. Probable DUP-ARQ-2 signals have been noted on 13459, 13462, 14873 and 16061Hz. Look for the characteristic channel hopping. IRA-ARQ Duplex ARQ with IRA (ITA-5), used by Czech/Slovak Diplo stations (MFA Praha, CZE), typically 171.42, 200.2, or 300.3 bd. This system uses an 11 bit character and the signal has some very wide ACF values, ACF=352 or 448 have been recorded. A tip for monitors is to remain on frequency with the decoder set to ASCII/ITA-5 at the same speed that the ARQ is sending. Once the transfer is complete, operator chat often takes place in standard ASCII or BAUDOT. PACTOR A system designed with a combination of packet and sitor techniques used by amateurs, MARS stations and many quasi-governmental organizations. Mutually incom- patible variations are becoming common with changes made to the packet structure to support privacy re- quirements of the various quasi-governmental users. Commonly referred to as UN-pactor, ICRC-pactor or Swiss-pactor. The developers of Pactor, Special Communication Systems (SCS), have licensed their hardware and software to Schuemperlin Engineering AG which has actively pursued commercial acceptance of this protocol and as many as 7 different variants have been noted so far. Code 30 defines the following variations: Common User Label --------------------- -------- Pactor 1 Amateur PACTOR Non-Governmental Orgs Pactor 2 ICRC PACTOR-I Pactor 3 UNHCR PACTOR-U Pactor 4 IFRC Pactor 5 UNO/MSF ? Pactor 6 included in Code 30 Pactor 7 included in Code 30 Don't know if Pactor 5 is the same thing to Wavecom and Hoka and who the users of Pactor 5,6 and 7 is unknown. ICRC - Int'l Committee of the Red Cross UNHCR- UN High Commissioner for Refugees IFRC - Int'l Federation Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies UNO - MSF - Medicins sans Frontiers Pactor I is the original implementation and is also known as FSK Pactor. Pactor II is DSP based and is as much as 8 times faster then Pactor I. A Pactor Level II signal features 2 tones w/200Hz shift using baud rates of 100 or 200 fitting into a 500Hz channel. Pactor II is a half-duplex synchronous ARQ system and designed to be backward compatible with the older Pactor Level I protocol. The system can handle raw 8 bit data and ASCII compression. Depending on band conditions the data throughput can be increased by changing the modulation form used. Maximum throughput is 800 bps. Pactor Level II is operational in Europe and is in the manufacturing stage in the US. format baud rate ------- --------- DBPSK Differential Binary PSK 200 bps DQPSK Differential Quad PSK 400 bps 8-DPSK 8-phase Differential PSK 600 bps 16-DPSK 16-phase Differential PSK 800 bps 1-C. PACKET-like signals or ASYNCHRONOUS DATA BLOCK signals. While packet signals are a non-continuous signal much like SITOR-A their sound is totally different from the regular chirp, chirp sound of SITOR-A. These signals do not have the regular cadence of SITOR-A but have more of a long duration burst sound. HC-ARQ Haegelin-Cryptos simplex ARQ, a mode used by UN and Red Cross services but these organizations have been making a switch to PACTOR in recent years with very few loggings in 95/96. This asynchronous system uses a packet like protocol with no defined timing and supports packet/block sizes of 38, 68 and 188 ITA2 characters but always runs at 240 bd. PACKET A mode used to allow data communications between PCs and dumb terminals. This system is typically used by radio amateurs, and to a lesser degree, United Nations organizations. Incompatible versions also exist and are in use by quasi-governmental organizations such as ICRC, UNHCR or IFRB. Typically the AX.25 protocol in- corporates a modified CRC. On HF there are a few items to note; AX.25 Typically 300 bd on SW. Data is arranged in packets of up to 256 bytes of 8 bit ASCII data. Each packet con- tains a 1 byte start flag, 3 byte address field, 1 byte control field, 0-256 bytes of data, 2 byte CRC and finally a 1 byte end flag. Packets are transmitted with no fixed timing. See the latest specification published by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) for complete details on this system. There is also some 1200 baud PSK work done in the 10 meter ham band. Automatic Packet Reporting System or APRS, is an appli- cation that runs "on top of" AX.25. It was invented by Bob Bruninga WA4APR that utilizes GPS data to plot a packet station's location on a map of a given region, city, state, or even country. Due to the graphics involved, units like the M8000 will not read this data; however, units like the PK232 can read it with the use of special software. Signals utilizing this mode are found in the 40 and 30 meter bands (for example) utilizing 'gateways' into 2 meters. CLOVER A system originally developed by Ray Petit, W7GMH, and now marketed by HAL Communications. The original modem was named CLOVER-I, the latest DSP based modem is named CLOVER-II. It sounds like a "canary" when trans- mitting. A signal consists of a 1s burst + a long 20s data transmission. Clovers key characteristics are band- width efficiency with high error-corrected data rates. Clover adapts to conditions by constantly monitoring the received signal. Parameters which can affect quality and reliability of the transmission such as block data errors, phase dispersion, frequency offset, and signal to noise ratio are monitored. Based on this monitoring, Clover determines the best modulation scheme to use. Clover supports the following formats: format baud rate ------ --------- BPSM 4 pulse binary phase 125 bps QPSM 4 pulse quad phase 250 bps 8PSM 4 pulse 8 phase 375 bps 16PSM 4 pulse 16 phase 500 bps 8P2A 4 pulse 8 phase 2 amplitude 500 bps 16P4A 4 pulse 16 phase 4 amplitude 750 bps Total band width for all modes is a narrow 500 Hz with a symbol rate of 31.25. Also known as 500Hz-CLOVER. 400Hz-CLOVER This is regular DSP based CLOVER packed into a narrow 400 Hz bandwidth. This form of CLOVER is proprietary to GLOBE WIRELESS and was developed in cooperation with HAL Communications for use in Maritime communications. Also known as CLOVER-II or KFS-CLOVER. This form of CLOVER cannot be demodulated with standard CLOVER boards as the DSP programming, power requirements and memory capacity of the board was redone to support the new narrow bandwidth. CLOVER-2000 A commercial form of CLOVER developed by HAL Communi- cations, now in beta test. Supports 4x the speed of standard CLOVER and uses a bandwidth of 2kHz. With the doubling of tones HAL has effectively doubled the rate. Symbol rate is now 62.50. The 8 tones that make up this signal are spaced 250Hz and are both phase and amplitude modulated. Maximum bit rate is 3000bps. BPSM, QPSM, 8PSM, 8P2A, and 16P4A with "auto-throttling" are supported. Data packets are long, about 4s in duration. Idle chirps are short, about .3s in duration with about .8s between chirps. Also known as "8-tone CLOVER", Q-CLOVER, or QUAD-CLOVER. format rate ------ --------- BPSM 8 pulse binary phase 500 bps QPSM 8 pulse quad phase 1000 bps 8PSM 8 pulse 8 phase 1500 bps 8P2A 8 pulse 8 phase 2 amplitude 2000 bps 16P4A 8 pulse 16 phase 2 amplitude 3000 bps MERLIN/RS-ARQ/ A packet-like system running at 225bd with a shift of packet 170Hz is believed to be another MERLIN/RS-ARQ variant, its actual designation is unknown at this time. 1-D. MULTI-TONE signals/MFSK systems. These signals are distinctive in how they sound. A rapid succession of tones, almost music-like in quality is their main feature. A sophisticated decoder and a rock steady receiver is needed to process these signals. PICCOLO Originally developed in 1957 in Great Britain at the MK6/MK10 Diplomatic Wireless Service or as it is known today the Communication Engineering Department of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO). The original system was a 32 tone system and the development team was lead by J.D.Ralphs. There is a 6 tone system (MK6) using ITA2 and a 12 tone system (also MK6) using ASCII/ITA5 but the 6 tone system is the more common. The 6 tone system is used mainly by the British Gov., Australian Gov. stations and Chilean Military. The 12 tone system is used mainly by the British Gov. Both of the above systems normally run at 20bd but a 40bd, double speed variant, known as PICCOLO MK10 has been reported in use by British Gov. PICCOLO MK10 uses 6 tones, a special alphabet and different standby tones. Both 20bd systems can still be found on the air and the modern MK6 unit is manufactured by RACAL. The 40bd system is rarely found at this time. Reference the Klingenfuss RadioTeletype Code Manual 13th Edition for the tone pairs and PICCOLO MK6 alphabet. For tuning purposes on a 6 tone PICCOLO MK6 signal, zero between tones 3 and 4, on a 12 tone PICCOLO signal zero between tones 6 and 7. A PICCOLO signal only has a 20Hz shift between tones so precise tuning is important and the ability to magnify a signal is a great feature. Inexact tuning will induce translation errors. COQUELET COQUELET Mk I is an asynchronous 13 tone ITA2 system used by French (possibly abandoned) and Belgian mil./ police. COQUELET Mk II is a synchronous 8 tone ITA2 system used by Algerian Diplo and Customs. COQUELET Mk I is also referred to as COQ13. COQUELET Mk II is also referred to as COQ8 and can use a fourth shift Arabic/Latin keyboard. Also note that users of COQ8 seem to be using a hybrid COQ8/COQ13 system (possible COQUELET Mk III?). It is probable that this is COQ-82 or COQUELET-8 v2, a synchronous scrambled system (mentioned as being available on Wavecoms W41PC/W4100DSP) used on the Algerian Diplo links. This system is capable of recog- nizing either Latin or Arabic keyboards and can switch accordingly. The system has a distinctive 13.3bd pre- amble with a row of 'j's. This system is probably being phased out. COQ13 translates each 5 unit ITA-2 character into a sequence of 2 tones out of total of 12. A 13th tone represents the idle condition. The system takes each character and breaks it into a 3 bit piece and a 2 bit piece. The first 3 bits of the character are sent as 1 out of 8 possible tones (1-8) and the second 2 bits are sent as 1 out of 4 possible tones (10-13). The idle tone, tone 9, is heard only during the idle or standby condition. Each tone is 75 ms in length or one character is 150 ms long giving the system a baud rate of 13.5. COQ8 directly translates each character into a set of 2 tones from a total set of 8 tones. The idle condition used by this system is made up of tones 1 and 8 sent alternating. Each tone has a duration of 37.5 ms or 75 ms, giving an effective baud rate of 26.67 or 13.3. Baud rates of 53.3 have also been monitored. For tuning purposes on a 13 tone Coquelet signal, zero on tone 9 during standby or between tone 8 and 10. On an 8 tone Coquelet signal zero between tones 1 and 8, these tones alternating is the idle condition. In general, a Coquelet signal only has a 30Hz shift between tones so exact tuning is important and the ability to magnify a signal is a great feature. Reference Klingenfuss RadioTeletype Code Manual 13th Edition for this systems tone mapping and alphabet. CROWD36 A Soviet MFSK system using 36 tones based on British Piccolo MK1. CIS Diplo service is the main user with suspected use by CIS Intel and Military services. This system is found at 40 bd with a single tone lasting 25ms. Hand keyed traffic is usually 10 bd with a single tone lasting 100ms. A spectrum analyzer will show the tones arranged in 3 distinct groups of 10+11+11 tones. Tones are spaced 40Hz apart and tones 1, 12, 24 and 36 are rarely used so you are likely to see an 80Hz gap between groups. Each of the 32 tones represents one ITA2 character code. Also known as CIS/Russian Piccolo, URS multitone, CIS 10-11-11 MFSK or CIS-36. As of this date there are NO publicly available decoders for this system although they do exist in the professional market. Some decoders available NOW, possibly Wavecom and definitely Hoka, provide tools that can be used to demodulate the tones and from there derive a character set. One such method is covered below. ITU documents have listed 4 different kinds of CROWD36 that vary with tone duration and baud speed. The '*' entries below are commonly heard. +----------- tone duration (ms) | +------- shift between tones | | +--- tones present signal v v v Russian Piccolo 1 25 40 34 * 40bd 2 25 10 34 3 100 40 34 * 10bd 4 100 10 34 A few distinct patterns can be detected in a CROWD36 signal: selcal, idling and sending traffic. Selcal and idling are a series of 5 tones repeated in the same pattern. Traffic mode is most commonly, but not always, found as 40bd encrypted and many times operator traffic can be found in the clear at 10bd. Start-up and sign-off are usually 10bd and hand keyed. Demodulation/Decoding --------------------- Using a Hoka Code30 V2.5 (US), select the "def general multitone" from the demodulators menu. Settings are 36 tones, 40Hz spacing and 40.1bd. This will produce output consisting of the raw tone sequences. Keep in mind that 10bd operator traffic will appear as a sequence of 4 repeated characters. To correctly zero a CROWD36 signal is difficult. The signal is asymmetric so don't use the center of the middle tone group. Tones are only shifted by 40Hz and tuning errors as small as +-5Hz will start to induce errors. From the raw tone sequences use the table in Table 5-J to map the tone number to character. Mazielka A SELCAL system used by the "brotherhood" stations to wake up the receiving station operator outside normally scheduled transmissions. Reported to be part of the CROWD36 system outlined above. It is composed of 6 tones out of a tone library of 13. See WUN Special Edition, V1.3, Apr '95 for a good explanation of the system and its uses. MIL188 An 8 tone MFSK system running at 125 bps with users all over the world including Europe, Africa, Asia, Middle East and China. The only good way to distinguish users is by monitoring the follow-on voice, cw, or other modems. Tones are spaced 250Hz with tone frequencies of 750hz, 1000hz, 1250hz, 1500hz, 1750hz, 2000hz, 2250hz, and 2500hz. Symbol duration is 8ms. This system looks and sounds very much like TT2300b/TPLEX and is easy to confuse but especially look for it preceding the 2400 bps NATO PSK traffic. Also known as MFSK188, NATO MIL188 or MIL-188-141 ALE. TT2300b/TPLEX An 8 tone, adaptive, synchronous system manufactured by Thrane & Thrane of Denmark. The system runs at 100bd or 200bd using 8 bit ASCII with data throughput of 300 or 600bps. Primarily designed to be connected directly to a serial port of a computer, the system features auto- dial, subscriber addressing, electronic mail and can be connected to a Fax machine. The full-duplex, error- correcting (24 unit CRC) link protocol is completely transparent to any type of data coding. Used by French Diplo, UK Civil Aviation Authority (National Air Traffic System/NATS datalink, Prestwick/Reykjavik) and Algerian oil companies. This may be logged in some commercial frequency lists as TT2300-ARQ, or TRA-2300. The manu- facturer's name for the protocol/coding is TPLEX. 2 distinct modes have been monitored: tfc mode and an idling sequence. Frequencies to try: 5028.7, 5109.7, 7716.7, 7719.7. 8 tones, 200Hz spacing, ACF=8 MERLIN/ALIS-2/ This is the 240 bd 8 tone burst ARQ mode used in the RS-ARQ Rohde & Schwarz MERLIN modem. When the system is found in the 7 tone mode it is in ISS mode, the IRS mode uses an 8 tone signal. Both will be measured as 240 bd (720 bits/sec) with tones shifted by 240Hz. Character set can be ITA2 or ASCII with 8 bit ASCII being the most common. The label ALIS-2 first appeared in the Klingenfuss 14th Ed. Utility Guide. Reference the MERLIN/ALIS note above on naming. Turkish, German and Italian Diplo stations are the most commonly found users. The Italian Diplo stations seem to favor the 5 bit (ITA2) mode. Turkish Diplo stations have been found using the 8 bit mode for all traffic. Monitoring tip: Its been discovered that all 8 tone channels have ALIS (228.7bd) 2kHz below. So if you hear an ALIS procedure in progress on a frequency it's worth waiting to see if 8 tone traffic appears 2kHz higher soon after. See section 1-B for ALIS and section 1-K for a packet- like MERLIN system. LINK-11 A US Military/NATO 40 DPSK synchronous system using 16 tones (1 doppler tone + 14 data + 1 sync tone), the 14 data tones are 4-PSK modulated and spaced every 110 Hz (935Hz to 2585Hz w/doppler tone at 605Hz). The sync tone is 2-PSK modulated. Typical rates are 1364b/s or 2250b/s. This is a ground wave only system, so a signal received via HF will be nearly impossible to decode because the ionosphere messes up the phase. Klingenfuss indicates a baud rate 2400. See MIL-STD-188-203-1A. Also known as TADIL-A or "alligator". Largest man- ufacturer of LINK-11 equipment is Rockwell-Collins. See also LINK-11 LESW in section 1-A. MS5 This is the Russian (Soviet) 12 tone Vocoder system with each channel QPSK modulated at 100 symbols/sec. Each tone has a shift of 200Hz and spans a frequency range of 700Hz to 2900Hz in the Lower Side Band. This system has a distinctive pilot tone (unmodulated) at 3300Hz above a kHz point with unconfirmed reports of a pilot tone at 3600Hz and has a maximum capacity of 4800 bits/s. Commonly logged in the UK. ANNEX 10 An ARINC HF SELCAL system with 16 tones. HARCO-39/Harris A 4 phase PSK system implemented per MIL-STD-188-110A, 39-tone modem appendix B. The system supports data rates of 75 to 2400bps using 39 tones spread from 675Hz to 2812.5Hz with a spacing of 56.25Hz. 1 doppler tone can be found at 393.75Hz. Block interleaving with up to 12s delay is supported. This modem has been implemented in the Harris RF-3466A and has been referred to as the Harris 39-tone modem in postings or HARCO-39 in Klingenfuss frequency lists. Check out 6712.0 (Croughton) or 11223.0, 11183.0 or 5720kHz. A 39-tone modem sounds like noise, so as you tune across this signal an S meter will rise and fall. It sounds very much like tuning a noisy frequency. CODAN modem A commercial unit from Codan Pty of Australia currently used in Australia and Africa by the United Nations, aid agencies and various public authorities. The modem uses 16 tones and are QPSK modulated. The tones range from 656.25Hz to 2343.75Hz with a tone shift of 112.5Hz and runs at 2400bps. The modem is fully automatic and supports compression and selective calling. No ALE is used for link setup but a simple beacon call and audio analysis on the return signal is all thats needed. This modem is mainly used in mobile networks. The modem has a few distinctive sounds to it. A 2 sec. "squawk" is used to realign channels. If you hear short bursts then the modem is idling. 1-E. FAX-like signals. These signals are used for transmitting pictures, mostly marine weather maps over the airwaves and make a distinctive scratch-like sound. Press-FAX can still be found but with less frequency as Press services continue to move to satellite. HELLSCHREIBER FAX-like mode in that it was used to send pictures but works more like common RTTY. The Siemans systems listed below used start/stop signalling (FSK) and the Field HELL unit was semi-synchronous. The system was used by the Chinese Internal Press up until about 1993 but is now used by European amateurs on 80m and 40m. A couple of different machines were available: +---------------------------------- Name | +------------------------- Paper width | | +-------------------- chars/min | | | +-------------- chars/sec | | | | +--------- baud rate | | | | | +--- bandwidth v v v v v v tone freq ---------------+-----+-----+----+-----+------+----------- Siemans GL72 |9.5mm|367.8|6.13|300 | 600Hz| 1000Hz Field HELL | 15mm|150 |2.5 |122.5| 360Hz| 900Hz Siemans HELL 80| 15mm|300 |5.0 |300 | 900Hz| 1260Hz FAX A picture transmission mode used by weather (meteo), some Press and less often, amateurs. Pictures are sent line by line and to correctly receive a picture you must, at most, have the drum speeds (RPM) in sync. Usual RPM values are 60, 90, 120, 240. Less important is the IOC (Incidence of Cooperation). Usual values for IOC are 288, 352, 576. For the picture to be received as it was sent both RPM and IOC should match the senders RPM and IOC. It is true that FAX use is in decline and will continue to do so in the near future. Common forms found: Press FAX 60-240RPM IOC 352,576 Weather FAX 60-240RPM IOC 288,576 'Encrypted' FAX A recent wrinkle now appearing in the declining FAX signal arena is the introduction of 'encrypted' FAX transmissions. USAF Puerto Rico and Tokyo Radio JJC have been using this FAX mode. At this time there are no decoders that are able to handle this kind of FAX transmission (although JCC will apparently sell you one). As for the signal itself, the start, stop, and phasing signals appear to be normal but the picture data seems to use some sort of modified code. Current speculation suggests Huffman encoding or a Modified Read Code with FAX lines only including the pixels changed from the previous line. Reference Klingenfuss Guide to Facsimile Stations for a discussion of FAX theory and examples. 1-F. SSTV - Slow Scan TV. A picture transmission mode developed and used by the Amateur community. While these signals are FAX-like in function they do not possess the scratching quality of the FAX signal. The sound of an SSTV signal is more tonal in its composition. I do not believe that each mode can be distinguished by ear. Currently the most popular mode found on the airwaves in North America is Scottie S1, followed less frequently by Scottie S2, Robot 36 and 72 and finally some Martin M1. Europe seems to be mostly Martin M1. Frequencies to check: 14230 seems to be the most popular. Also check 3730, 7040, 21340 and 28680. There are also a few newer experimental modes available from Pasokon, ProSkan, WinPixPro and Acorn. They are not widely available yet. As the table below shows there are lots of modes to choose from with very little in the way of a standard but the basic "standard" transfers 1 line in 8s and uses a resolution of 120x120. The sync tone used is 1200Hz, the Black tone is 1500Hz and the White tone is 2300Hz. SSTV modes ------------ +------------------------------------------- Mode | +------------------------------- LinexPixel Resolution | | +--------------------- Color/RBG seq. or B/W | | | +-------------- Time (sec) v v v v Comments ----------------+---------+-------+-----+--------------------------------- AVT 24 | 128x128 | Color | 24 | There is a 5s digital header and 90 | 240x320 | Color | 90 | there is no horizontal sync 94 | 200x320 | Color | 94 | 125 | 400 | B/W | 125 | 188 | 320x400 | Color | 188 | ----------------+---------+-------+-----+--------------------------------- Wraase SC-1 24 | 128x128 | Color | 24 | -top 8 lines are grey scale SC-1 48 | 256x128 | Color | 48 | -top 16 lines are grey scale SC-1 96 | 256x256 | Color | 96 | -top 16 lines are grey scale SC-2 30 | 128 | R-B-G | 30 | SC-2 60 | 256 | R-B-G | 60 | SC-2 120 | 256 | R-B-G | 120 | SC-2 180 | 256 | R-B-G | 180 | ----------------+---------+-------+-----+--------------------------------- Scottie S1 | 256x320 | G-B-R | 110 | -top 16 lines are grey scale S2 | 256x320 | G-B-R | 71 | -top 16 lines are grey scale S3 | 120 | G-B-R | 55 | -top 8 lines are grey scale S4 | 120 | G-B-R | 36 | -top 8 lines are grey scale DX | 240 | G-B-R | 269 | -top 16 lines are grey scale ----------------+---------+-------+-----+--------------------------------- ScanMate1 | 512x310 | Color | 391 | ScanMate2 | 512x310 | Color | 261 | ScanMate DX | 256x256 | Color | 269 | ----------------+---------+-------+-----+--------------------------------- Martin M1 | 256x320 | G-B-R | 114 | -top 16 lines are grey scale M2 | 256x320 | G-B-R | 58 | -top 16 lines are grey scale M3 | 128x128 | G-B-R | 57 | -top 8 lines are grey scale M4 | 128x128 | G-B-R | 29 | -top 8 lines are grey scale HQ1 HQ2 ----------------+---------+-------+-----+--------------------------------- Robot 12 | 120x128 | Y-C | 12 | Color is sent as Luminance and 24 | 256x256 | Y-C | 24 | Chrominance 36 | 256x256 | Y-C | 36 | 72 | 256x256 | Y-C | 72 | 8 | 120x128 | B/W | 8 | Not a true B/W mode. Green element 12 | 120x320 | B/W | 12 | sent as B/W image 24 | 240x320 | B/W | 24 | 36 | 240x320 | B/W | 36 | ----------------+---------+-------+-----+-------------------------------- SC-1 and SC-2 were developed by Volker Wraase in Kiel, Germany. Martin was developed by Martin H. Emmerson, G3OQD/England. Scottie was developed by E.T.J. Murpy, GM3SBC/Scotland. Robot was developed by Robot Research. SSTV VIS code ------------- With the introduction of Robot 1200C, Robot Research introduced the VIS code, which is used to indicate the speed and mode at the beginning of the transmission. The VIS code, when decoded by the receiving station, will let the receiver automatically set the necessary parameters for proper reception. The VIS code is sent as part of the vertical sync pulse and is 10 bits long lasting 10*30ms. The start and stop bits are represented as a 1200Hz tone with the remaining 8 bits (including 1 even parity bit) left for encoding information. This breaks down as 1 30ms start bit at 1200Hz, 7 data bits, each 30ms, sent Lowest Significant Byte (LSB) first (logical '1' is transmitted as 1100Hz, logical '0' is transmitted as 1300Hz). 1 30ms even parity bit and 1 30ms stop bit as 1200Hz. The table is fairly extensive so for now reference the following www page(s): http://www.wincom.net/raarssen/techinfo.txt (valid as of 1/19/96) http://www.ultranet.com/~sstv/modes.html (valid as of 1/19/96) 1-G. SYNCHRONOUS BIT STREAM signals. These signals are distinctive in sound in that they are continuous and possess a trilling quality. The sound of an idling signal is slightly different from a signal actively sending traffic. Many signals idle for long periods of time and send very little traffic, i.e. ARQ-E, ARQ-E3, or ARQ-M2. They can be found all over the shortwave spectrum. Other signals have a short idling phase and move directly into traffic and then terminate, i.e. POL-ARQ, SITOR-B, ROU-FEC or FEC-A. BEE/36-50 A Russian Navy and Polish Mil./Intel Svc. synchronous bit stream commonly found in Europe but can be heard in the US, traffic is most often found running at 50bd but some 100bd signals have been found as well. The system has no apparent ACF (ACF=0) and then idles with 36 bd (ACF=2). As the traffic switches from 36bd to 50bd a preamble can be detected running with ACF=70. The system appears to be synchronous with 1 stop bit and common shifts of 85Hz, 125Hz, 250Hz and sometimes 500Hz having been recorded. In between, or at the end of messages, FSK CW has been heard using the callsign RDL. The CIS name for this system is T600. 81-81/81-29 A Russian/URS Military system with some speculation that a number of ex-Eastern Bloc countries might also make use of this system. This signal is mainly 81 bd, pseudo random, one or two characters, 12 bits, usually encrypted. Operator chatter can sometimes be found in the clear using Baudot w/Cyrillic M2 alphabet. It is mainly a 2 ch system but there is a 40.5 bd signal that is a 1 ch variant. Most commonly found baud rates are 36.5, 40.5 for the 1 ch version and 73 and 81 for the 2 ch version. Code30 US Ver. 2.5 includes an 81-81 module but no traffic has been recorded yet. Speculation is that this older 81-81 system, as defined above, is no longer in use and that the newer 81-81 system heard NOW is more likely to be derived from the CIS-14 or CIS-27 system (81-29?). Reports from the Logs indicate a few different users of this system. The shift pattern seems to hold for the other baud rates used by this system. Shift Common User -------------- ----------------- 125 Navy 500 Railway Authority 200,250,500, Military 1000,1500 ARS-GUARD A Saudi National Guard synchronous FEC system, running at 125 bd and 170Hz shift (ACF=48 or 96). Check out the following frequencies:7672.5, 7869.5, 12257.5, 12357.5, 12362.6, or 12457.5. Maybe known as SAUD-NAT. ARQ-E A very common single channel duplex ARQ system, made by Siemens, used by French Military Forces, Italian Diplo stations and the German Gov., typically 48, 64, 72, 86, 96, 144, 192 or 288bd but the system can be adjusted with different gear variants to support user require- ments. ARQ-E can also appear in VFT. Some of those baud rates and users are listed below: Baud Common/Suspected User ----- ---------------------------------------- 46.1 Egypt-Jordan Air coordination (VFT) 85.7 encrypt tfc, most likely Mossad or BNDVB 184.6 FF circuit used by RFFXQA Sarajevo, BIH Also known as ARQ-1000D. ARQ-E3 Another very common single channel duplex ARQ system used by French Military Forces, typically 48, 64, 72, 86, 96, 100, 144 or 192 bd. ARQ-M2 A commonly found full duplex, synchronous, time division multiplex ARQ system w/2 data channels, typically using 87, 96 or 200 bd. French Military Forces are the most commonly found user and this system can idle for long periods of time with no traffic. An odd baud rate of 128.5 has been found on a number of circuits between Papeete, Tahiti and Mururoa. This system comes in 2 flavors: one is defined by the old CCIR 242 Recom- mendation and the other is defined by the newer CCIR 342 Recommendation. Both forms can still be found. Also known as TDM, ARQ-28, TDM-2, TDM-242, TDM-342 or 96-TDM. See Section 4 for Recommendation differences. ARQ-M4 A rarely found full duplex, synchronous, time division multiplex ARQ w/4 data channels, typically using 87, 96, 192 or 200 bd. This system had been used by Chinese, Vietnamese and Spanish embassies. Loggings within the past year indicate use by some French Military Forces stations. This system can also idle for long periods of time with no traffic. This system also comes in 2 flavors as defined by the same recommendations as ARQ-M2. Also known as ARQ-56, TDM-4, TDM-242, TDM-342 or 192-TDM. See Section 4 for Recommendation differences ARQ-N A single channel duplex ARQ system used by Italian Diplo services, typically using 72, 96, 144 or 192 bd. This system is related to ARQ-E but does not inverse any bits. AUTOSPEC A FEC system once used by British coastal stations to communicate with North Sea oil rigs, typically ran with baud rates of 62.3, 68.5 or 102.7 bd. This has probably been replaced with microwave. Also known as Autospec- bauer or Bauer and has been referred to as Autospec Mk1. No loggings have been recorded in the previous year. See SPREAD. SPREAD A FEC system, used (formerly?) by Romanian diplo stations, using the Bauer code used by Autospec, with characters spread over a large time span, designed to reduce burst and fading errors. SPREAD-51 has been known to be used by Brazilian Navy and shore stations but no loggings have been noted for at least 4 years. SPREAD-11 and SPREAD-21 have not been logged recently. Typically 68.5, 102.7 or 137 bd. Also known as SPREAD -11, SPREAD-21 or SPREAD-51 depending on data spread in effect. SPREAD is Autospec Mk2. When a station sending SPREAD is idling it cannot be distinguished from AUTOSPEC. The 2 systems can only be identified when sending traffic. CIS A general term defining a few systems used by Russian organizations, they are distinguished from each other by the bit lengths used: 11, 14 or 27 bits. CIS-11 and CIS-14 are reported to be decodeable using the Wavecom 4100DSP or the W41PC and Hoka Code 30. * CIS-11 is a single channel duplex ARQ system used by Russian meteorological stations running at 100.05bd (according to Wavecom) or 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 (according to Klingenfuss RadioTeletype Code Manual 13th Edition). This system uses the Cyrillic M2 alphabet in an 11bit word, 5 bits for the M2 word (bits reversed), 2 bit system state and 4 bits error correction. CIS-11 is also known as TORG-11 (system has not been used by Russians for years). * CIS-14 is reported to be used by Russian PTT stations on links to the former republics. CIS-14 is a two channel duplex ARQ system running at 96-192bd (according to Wavecom) but the 13th Edition of the Code Manual lists a whole host of baud rates: 42.1, 47.5, 48, 50, 70.5, 72, 83.3, 84.21, 94.11, 96, 100, 144, 200 and 288 bd. This system has a 14 bit frame size with a 2 bit channel state, 2 M2 characters bit interleaved and 2 bits error detection. CIS-14 is most commonly logged running with 96bd and most traffic appears to be encrypted but at sign on you might be able to find some operator chatter and test tapes. You may find CIS-14 referenced by the name AMOR or AMOR 96 (unofficial name used by some NATO members). * CIS-27 is currently defined as a 50 and 100bd system reported in 3 lines in the Radioteletype Code Manual, 13th Edition. 1 partial logging found in the WUN logs with no mention of this system made in Wavecom or Hoka documentation. Might best be listed in the Mystery section. DGPS Another type of DGPS is the commonly found 100bd or 300bd MSK signal. MSK sounds like SITOR-B and is usually transmitted from beacons in the 285-325kHz region with an ACF=10. The information transmitted is real-time differential corrections in RTCM SC104 V2.1 format. There are commercial companies providing DGPS service and their data will probably be encrypted. See Utility Roundup in WUN 2/1 (Jan '96) for a good writeup on this signal and its users or section 1-J for the QPSK form of DGPS. DUP-FEC/ A new system appearing with the introduction of the DUP-FEC-2 Wavecom W41PC (DUP-FEC-2) and the new Klingenfuss Radio Data Code book (DUP-FEC). No new signals found on the air as of yet. The system runs at 125 or 250bd and uses the ITA-2 or ITA-5 character set. This system is an enhancement of the DUP-ARQ-2 system and has many similarities. FEC-A/FEC-100 A system used by Turkish and German Press also German, French (P6Z etc), Serbian (DFZG) and Turkish (TAD) Diplo services, typically runs with 96, 144, 192 or 288 bd and uses the ITA2-P alphabet. A fast baud rate of 384 (192x2) has been found in use by MFA Paris, F and French Emb., Rou. Siemens is the manufacturer and refers to this system as FEC-100 or FEC-100A. GMDSS/DSC Digital Selective Calling is a variation of Sitor-B, 100 baud 170 shift, but uses a special set of 127 symbols with a 10 bit error correcting code. The system is defined in the ITU recommendation ITU-R M493-6. A DSC signal is short, about 6-7 seconds on MF/HF and contains the following: station ID, priority, station being called, frequency to use. This system is used to establish the initial contact between ships and shore stations using GMDSS. DSC signals can be found the following frequencies: 2187.5, 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5 (also on VHF on Ch. 70 - 156.525 @ 1200bd). See Digital Review column in WUN newsletter Vol. 1, No.12 December, 1995 for a good writeup on GMDSS/DSC. HNG-FEC A FEC system used by Hungarian Diplo services, typically 100.05 bd. This system uses a bit spread of 64 bits with each new character starting at intervals of 15 bits. See Klingenfuss RadioTeletype Code Manual 13th Edition for teleprinter alphabet used by this system. IRA-ARQ An ARQ system used by the Bulgarian Diplo services, typically 75, 100, 110, 150, 180, 200, 240, 300, 600 or 800bd. Max speed seems to be 1200bd. This system uses an 11 bit character. A 10 bit variant has been noted but is rarely found. ACF is typically 55 during idle with a rhythmic cadence to the signal sound. When sending traffic the ACF disappears and the sound intensifies to a steady buzz. A tip for monitors is to remain on frequency with the decoder set to ASCII/ITA-5 at the same speed that the ARQ is sending. Once the transfer is complete, operator chat often takes place in standard ASCII or BAUDOT. A note of caution when measuring this system with its high baud rate. Some decoders are unable to measure high baud rates accurately or because of some in built maximum baud ceiling don't show the true baud rate. Hoka Code 3 has a maximum measurable baud rate of 480bd and will display a baud rate of 272.73 for a 600bd IRA-ARQ signal and 363.63 for an 800bd IRA-ARQ signal. The Hoka Code 30 also has the 480bd maximum but word has it that this will be removed in a later version. I have no comparison to offer concerning the Wavecom unit(s) ability to measure high baud rate systems at this time. POL-ARQ A single channel duplex ARQ system used by Polish and Italian Diplo services, typically at 100 bd but also found less frequently at 200bd. This system uses the CCIR 476-4 alphabet with same polarity retained. Can be easily confused with Sitor-B. RAC-ARQ/ Previously believed by the community at large to be a MEROD fabrication it has been revealed that the system actually exists. MEROD (Message Entry and Read Out Device) is the commercial name for the Racal man- ufactured equipment that uses the RAC-ARQ mode. This FEC system is documented to run at 150 and 267bd using a "wide shift FSK". This system documented heavily in the Radioteletype Code Manual 13th Edition from Klingenfuss with signal samples available on the Klingenfuss Modulation cassettes on track 38. Also if you read the Wavecom W4100 glossy from the company they list RAC-ARQ as an option but later glossies for the W4100DSP and W41PC no longer list RAC-ARQ. Also known as RACAL-ARQ. ROU-FEC A FEC system used by Rumanian Diplo services, typically 164.48 or 218.3 bd. Signals can be encrypted, in the clear or bit-masked (have been known to use 10, 15, 24 or 31). This system has a bit spread of 128 bits with each new character starting every 16 bits. This system had been referred to as SAU-FEC in the past and renamed to RUM-FEC by Klingenfuss Publications. Wavecom still refers to the system as RUM-FEC in their documents. SITOR-B A FEC system used by Marine Information services and the Amateur Radio community, typically 100 bd but an odd baud rate of 109.4 has also been monitored origin- ating from Cuba. Also known as FEC or AMTOR. SI-FEC/FEC-S A Siemens FEC system used by Austrian and Indonesian Diplo services, typically 96, 192 or 200 bd using the ITA-3 alphabet. Also known as FEC-S, FEC1000 Simplex or FEC 1000S. During idle mode this system is the same as CCIR 242 (ARQ-M2). TORG-10/11 A Soviet 2 frequency duplex ARQ system used to transmit Meteo data using 10/11 bit blocks of ITA2 coded data plus error correction. Typically running 100 bd, 500Hz shift. TORG-11 is also known as CIS-11 and has not been used by the Russians for years. NATO-75 Various NATO members have equipment which generates NATO-100 75bd or (more rarely) 100bd RTTY with a variety of shifts from 85Hz to 850Hz. Within the service, these systems are usually known as RATT or CRATT (Crypto RAdio TeleType). We also have indications of the system being known as "Beaver" (US) or Link 4, although this is unconfirmed at present. Traffic can often be recognized by twice repeated header block of 256 bits which shows an ACF of 64, and by a period of sustained reversals between "messages". The remainder of traffic is pseudo-random. Such a system can be found permanently on 4711, 6702, and 11264kHz. We believe that this system is closely related to the Royal Navy's common "Fleet Broadcast" 75bd or 100bd system which has a message preamble of 16 RYs and VMGTCNJBH in Baudot before switching to encryption. A similar system has been reported in use by the French with a synchronization string of VYMGTCN. Reference Digital Review column in WUN V1,#1,2/95 and WUN V1,#11,11/95. 1-H. ASYNCHRONOUS BIT STREAM signals. These signals sound like the continuous bit stream signals but with a subtle cadence difference to them. They are most often encountered sending traffic. BAUDOT A common signal used by the Amateur community, many military and government services, typically 50, 75 or 100 bd. Inversion is possible but not frequently encountered on the data bits, giving 2^5 (32) possible arrangements. Watch for stations sending BAUDOT but using different character sets such as Arabic ATU-70, 4th Shift Arabic ATU-80 or Cyrillic, they might look like scrambled transmissions at first glance. Reference the Klingenfuss RadioTeletype Code Manual 13th Edition for some good examples and partial dictionaries. Also known as RTTY or ITA2. ASCII A rarely found signal used by the amateur community typically 110, or 300 bd but has been tested in recent times by VOA. Amateur station W1AW still transmits ASCII bulletins. Many times Bulgarian IRA-ARQ operator traffic can be decoded using ASCII. Also known as ITA5 or IRA. BAUDOT/F7BBN This is a 2 channel simplex asynchronous BAUDOT signal also referenced as TWINPLEX. Its form, according to CCIR Recommendation 346-1, is: "4 Frequency diplex systems" (Dusseldorf, 1990). Hoka Code 3 and Code 30 have a module for this labeled as: "Baudot F7BBN, 2ch ITA-2 RTTY". This is a 2 channel 4 tone diplex asynchronous signal usually consisting of 2 channels of ITA-2 baudot running at the same speed (or according to Rec. 346-1 1 channel baudot/1 channel morse code). According to the recommendation both channels are often scrambled and no loggings of this form have been found to date. 1-I. MULTI-CHANNEL/BUZZSAW like signals. These signals are obnoxious in the way they sound. They have a very harsh buzz-like quality. Tough to decode because many signals can be transmitted together and even interleaved. Signal Diversity is often used - defined as all channels sending the same traffic but shifted in frequency and shifted in time. The receiving equipment combines the channels into a single channel if 'X' channels agree. Many times the channels are encrypted. A stand alone spectrum analyzer or one incorporated within the decoder can be a great help in identifying the signal arrangement. Hoka Code 3 and Code 30 units have a spectrum analyzer feature. Code 30 has the added ability to target an in- dividual channel for decoding. Wavecom 4100, 4050 and Universal M8000 units also include a spectrum analyzer or spectrum display feature. VFT or Voice Frequency Telegraphy is a general term used to define many kinds of multi-channel signals used by British Military, Canadian Military, US Military and other government institutions. Many configurations are possible. Also known as FDM or WTK (a misnomer, see MULCAST below). Reference WUN V2#5, May '96, Digital Review for a good article on VFT. * BR6028 6028 Series Diversity is a commonly found VFT system using 7 channels of 45 bd to 100 bd baudot each with 170 Hz shift used by US and Canadian Military. Channels are shifted in time, with each channel delayed by 1 second and any channel with heavy inter- ference can be locked out causing the transmitter side to stop using the interfered with channel. This accounts for those less then 7 channel VFT's sometimes found. Also known as "BARRIE", 6028 or USA 7 channel modem. Note: channel numbering was selected arbitrarily 1234567, some documents show channel numbering as 3614752 which are the channels in time order. +-------+------+------+-----+------+------+-- Baudot 45-100bd | | | | | | | 7 ch diversity shift: 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ $ M S M S M S M S M S M S M S $ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | || | | | || | | | || | | | f0 | | 1000 | | 2000 | | 3000 | | | | | | | | offset: 560 850 1190 1530 1870 2210 2550 2890 channel: P 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Note: the Pilot tone at 560kHz is an unmodulated tone. Belgian Diplo (MFA Brussels, Embassy Beirut, circuits to South Africa, South America and southern Europe) have been noted using what seems to be a modified BR6028 system. Configuration shows: pilot tone, ch 1, NO ch 2, Ch 3 - 7 Channel 2 never seems to be present. All channels carry 100bd/170 Baudot delayed in time by 0.5 secs. This VFT form has been noted on the following frequencies: 11107, 14476 and 14904 most early mornings (06-08UTC). +--------------+------+-----+------+------+-- Baudot 100bd | | | | | | w/ch diversity shift: 170 170 170 170 170 170 ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ $ M S M S M S M S M S M S $ | | | | | | | | | | | | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | || | | || | | | || | | | f0 | | 1000 | | 2000 | | 3000 | | | | | | | offset: 560 850 1530 1870 2210 2550 2890 channel: P 1 3 4 5 6 7 * MULCAST/ A system used by the US Military composed of 16 channels each WTK170 with an 85 Hz shift spaced 170Hz. This system was used by the US Navy and has since disappeared from HF. Broadcasts have been monitored with 2 clear channels, Ch.14 ran 75bd weather from KAWN and Ch.16 ran 50bd APN/UPI news. This arrangement is defined by CCITT R.39-1 and is Mode B in the Universal M7000 decoder. This system is also referred to as Weston Telegraph Keying 170 (WTK170 or Marconi H5000). shift 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | | || | | || | | | | | | || | | | | | || | f0 | | | |1000 | | | | |2000 | | | | 3000 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | offset 382 | 722 | 1062| 1402 | 1742| 2082 | 2422 | 2762| 552 892 1232 1572 1912 2252 2592 2932 ch: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Note: The above illustrated channels are spaced 170Hz - this does not convey well in an ascii representation. Note: There is also an 8 channel system called Weston Telegraph Keying 340 (WTK340). 8 channels shifted 340Hz with 170Hz shift on each channel. The following VFT signals are commonly found in use by the named users so the authors have assigned names for use as a starting point in future discussions. * RUS-144 - 3 channels of 144bd/200Hz FEC system, with each channel spaced by 950Hz. The FEC system appears to be a synchronous system with no apparent ACF and is used by Russian PTTs. It has been noted on the following frequencies: 8077kHz (nighttime) and 14814kHz (daytime). It has also be noted in the past on 8063/14327. +------------------+------------------+-- Unid-FEC 144bd | | | shift: 200 200 200 +++ +++ +++ M S M S M S | | | | | | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | | || | | | | | | | f0 1000 |2000 | 3000 | | | offset: 950 1900 2850 channel: 1 2 3 * FEC-101 - (formerly labelled "3 ch FEC-100") 3 channels of FEC-100 are known to be in use by Israeli Military, German, Indian MFA and Serbian Diplomatic services. Usual channel speeds are 3 channels of 144, 96 or 192bd with shifts between 80Hz and 170Hz. The 3ch 192bd/170 Hz arrangement with a channel spacing of 680Hz is German Air Force (shown below). Also Indian MFA, Dehli has been using a 3ch VFT with 96/170 and shifted 650Hz. This system a 3ch FDM and TDM system with each channel delayed in relation to the others and spaced apart to reduce any intermodulation. +-----------+-----------+-------------------- FEC-100 96, | | | 144 or 192bd shift: 170 170 170 +++ +++ +++ M S M S M S | | | | | | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | | | | | | | | | | | f0 | 1000 | |2000 3000 | | | offset: 680 1280 1900 channel: 1 2 3 A more classic arrangement is illustrated below: +-------------------------+---------------+------- FEC-100 | | | shift: 170 170 170 +++ +++ +++ M S M S M S | | | | | | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | | | | | | | | | | | f0 | 1000 | 2000 | 3000 | | | offset: 595 1785 2635 chan: 1 2 3 * MOI-VFT - The German Ministry of Information (MOI) and police use a multi- channel VFT comprising 72 or 96bd, 80Hz shift ARQ-E on their intercity links. Commonly heard below 5MHz in Europe. The channels for the Bonn-Stuttgart and Bonn-Hamburg links is shown below: +---------------+----------------------------- ARQ-E 72bd | | +-------------+-------+- ARQ-E 96bd | | | | | shift: 80 80 80 80 80 ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ MS MS MS MS MS || || || || || +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | | | | | | | | | | | f0 | 1000 | | 2000 | |3000 | | | | | offset: 720 1500 1800 2510 2900 channel: 1 2 3 4 5 * 3 ch 150 FSK - The German Navy, primarily Wilhelmshaven (DHJ59 and warships) has been noted using a configuration of 3 channels running a 150bd 170Hz shift FSK system with each channel spaced about 680 Hz to 700Hz. The 150bd FSK signals are Unid. +-------------+-------------+-------- Unid-FSK 150bd | | | shift: 170 170 170 ++++ ++++ ++++ M S M S M S | | | | | | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | | | | | | | | | | f0 1000 | 2000 | 3000 | | | offset: 1190 1870 2550 channel: 1 2 3 * 3 ch Piccolo - British Military 6-tone Piccolo system with 2, 3 or 4 channels have been noted. The traffic channels are usually found sending bitstream encrypted traffic and the engineers channel idles or sends plain text operator chatter. The following channel offsets (measured from the f0 carrier point) are usually found at: +0.51kHz, +0.91kHz, +1.31kHz and +1.91kHz. +-------+-------+-------+------------------------- 6-tone Piccolo | | | | shift: ++ ++ ++ ++ || || || || ----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | | | | | | | | | | | f0 | |1000 | | 2000 3000 | | | | offset: 510 910 1310 1910 channel: 1 2 3 4 Note: channel 1 is engineers channel * UK Military 8 ch VFT - A common UK (DCN) interleaved VFT. Most channels carry RYI type traffic but channel 1 carries occasional engineer exchanges. See WUN newsletter, issue 2.9 for further comments. This is also known as British HL13 (TA5). +----+---------+---+---------+---+--------+---+----- Baudot 50/340 | | | | | | | | ARQ-M2 96/340 shift: 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 +-----+ +------+ +-----+ +------+ +---|--+ | +--|--+ | +--|--+ | +--|---+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | | | | | | | | | || || | | | f0 | | 1000 | | 2000 | | 3000 | | | | | | | | offset:425 595 1105 | 1785 | 2465 | 1445 1955 2635 chan: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Channel 1 is engineering channel in Baudot 50/340 idles with mark tone active Offset above shows MARK frequency: ch1: 425/765 ch5: 1785/2125 ch2: 595/935 ch6: 1955/2295 ch3: 1105/1445 ch7: 2465/2805 ch4: 1275/1615 ch8: 2635/2975 * POR-VFT A 7 ch system has been found in use by the Portuguese Army. Each channel is shifted by about 200Hz and is based on ITA2 and runs at 200bd per channel. Analysis suggests a synchronous baudot with forward error correction. The system can be decoded using the Hoka Character Analysis Duplex module with settings on ITA2, 5 bit and no-interleave. The system is used by the Portuguese SFOR units based in Bosnia. Try 11198kHz or 11202.1kHz for a sample. Listen for the LSB operator chatter between system activity. ** No channel layout yet ** +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ | | | | | | | | f0 1000 2000 3000 1-J. Phase Shift Keying systems Nearly all of the systems that we have outlined above use Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) of one, two or more tones. However, there are many signals to be heard on HF which are Phase modulated (Phase Shift Keying or PSK) in nature. At present, only the Hoka Code30 is capable of demodulating such signals, and as such, this area of "listening" remains a somewhat uncharted area, and none of the systems known about so far have names like the ones we use above! However, Hoka's Code 30 provides a tool-set that allows the user to determine the characteristics of a PSK system with little more effort than an FSK-based one. This at least allows us ordinary mortals to "fingerprint" certain types of system. In a nutshell, here are the commonly encountered PSK-based systems; 2-4MHz region: Navigational aids sending Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) information using 250bps 4-phase (or Quaternary) PSK (QPSK). Try 2834.0, 2805.0, 3226.0kHz 3-13MHz region: Soviet Mil(MOD)/FAPSI/PTT system sending 1280bps data using a 4-phase, Offset QPSK scheme. These stations are recognizable in that they are all placed on .081 offsets from a kilohertz or half kilohertz point. At least 20 channels are known to be in almost constant use. Try 9058.081, 7663.581, 5752.081, and 13369.081kHz amongst others. Note: Recently many of these frequencies have been sprouting lower sideband twins. For example 11422.081 is paired with 11417.93, 9209.081 is paired with 9204.93. Presumably this means the system is operational and adding more capacity. 5-20MHz region: Unknown user and system sending 600bps data using 2-phase, or Binary PSK. Try 10662.8kHz. 1200bps and 2400bps signals of a similiar nature have been found in this region also. 2400-PSK Believed to be a NATO and UK Royal Navy system, now occupying many channels and particularly active since the deployment of IFOR in former Yugoslavia. Also many 75bd RATT channels used by the Royal Navy now have the 2400-PSK system present instead. Sample of frequencies: 2535, 3370, 4578, 6410, 8158, 10480, 16164kHz 1800-PSK A number of signals have been noted sending 1800bps QPSK data. User is unknown but suspect NATO and is much rarer than the 2400-PSK. 1600-PSK Believed UK/US Mil system. Sample of frequencies: 4757, 5237, 10386kHz. KRE-PSK A North Korean BPSK system running at 1200bps. The North Korean Diplomatic services are making use of this system along with the usual Baudot. 1-K. Mystery systems This section lists signals that have conflicting information. Some may be fabrications, some may be just unknown. These systems will be listed here rather then mix them among the confirmed and better documented systems. new 108.8/170 An interesting FSK signal commonly logged in the UK running at 108.8bd and a shift of 170Hz. Shows an ACF of 32 during idle with a traffic ACF of 0. Very strong AM carriers have been noted nearby with Counting Station traffic after transmission indicating a US Intel source. 1200-FSK A 1200bps FSK system known to be used by the Italian Military or Diplo service. Always has a distinctive .7kHz offset. Has been heard on 6811.7, 9126.7, 10485.7 and 13904.7kHz amongst other channels. Italian operator chatter in USB on the carrier point can often be heard prior to messages being sent. 4+4 This is an 8 tone MFSK signal with a unique tone arrangement. It is a Chinese Diplo system with most traffic originating from Peking. Its real name and base modulation mode (FSK/PSK) are unknown although analysis suggests that each of the 8 channels is 150bd or 75bd synchronous FSK. No estimation of total baud rate. The tones are grouped in sets of 4 spaced 300Hz apart with a 450Hz intergroup gap, 4 tones w/300Hz spacing, 450Hz gap, 4 tones w/300Hz spacing. Most 4+4 signals seem to be centered on .74. For an example try the signal centered on 8321.74: 8320 8321 8321.74 8322 : | | | | v | | | | |....|....|....|....+...|....|....|....| .61 .91 .21 .51 .96 .26 .56 .86 AIRCALL Another system with very little factual information. This 7 tone MFSK system appears on the Klingenfuss recordings cassette on track 32. Sources indicate that this system is also generally unknown so I will list it here pending confirmation. ARTOR Adaptive Robust Transmission Over Radio - an adaptive, error-free mode for HF using QPSK. First mention of this system found in the 13th Edition of the Code Manual. Typical baud rates are documented to be 50, 100 or 200; automatically selected, ARQ and FEC modes are supported. This system has never been logged and probably has not been commercially released by the developer, Ascom Radiocom Ltd, Switzerland. Ascom did advertise the system (as "ARTOR, our new HF-modem") in the June 1992 issue of Signal and probably exhibited at CommunicAsia '92 in Singapore and AFCEA '92 in Washington D.C. QAM A system reportedly used by the Chinese, unknown usual bd rates. A sample of this signal is available on the Klingenfuss CD (CD#2/Trk9) or Cassette (Trk37). This is also the name for the modulation technique Quad Phase Shift Keying with Amplitude Modulation or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) commonly used in high speed computer modems (9600-28800) and point-to-point micro- wave communications. Not known to be on HF at this time. No known loggings to date. Real? SUI-FEC A new UNID FEC system running at 68.5bd, 85Hz shift used by the Swiss Army. Traffic has an ACF=0 but an ACF=10 at start of messages. This table represents most of the unknown signals that have been contributed to the WUN logs column. This is the most speculative of all the information presented in this document. This table is constructed on the assumption that similiar baud rates and ACF indicate potentially similiar systems. Still, despite its speculation, it is a good indication of the number of unidentified systems that are being used and a good pointer for further research. An unidentified system is defined as a system that could not be named by the contributing monitors decoder. All loggings are based on at least 2 or more loggings when possible. Any exceptions are noted in the comments area. The comment for an individual baud rate is a composite statement drawn from all loggings for a specific rate. If a star appears to the right of the baud rate in the chart below it means there is a separate paragraph broken out which goes into more detail then the simple chart provides. The following systems have been identified 800bd IRA-ARQ 363.78| 375| 25 | | 'CWB' Bulgarian Embassy, London IRA-ARQ idling 300.01| 500| 55 | | bit stream 600bd IRA-ARQ 272.73| 450| |2.c| Possible Russian TDM system +-------------------------------------- Baud (or bps, when labelled) | +------------------------------- Shift (Hz) | | +------------------------ ACF or signal period | | | +------------ First identified/WUN issue | | | | +------- Comments [in () is FAQ name] v v v v v ------+-----+--------------+---+----------------------------------------------- 398.27| 703| |2.a| 362.4 | 500| 10 |2.7| 360.5 | 780| |2.9| acks @301/780 packet-like 301.5 | | hdr:8 |1.a| Packet-like, w/orig. MFA Helsinki? 300.6 | 190| |2.9| 10bit/char 1200bits/burst DGPS like. 300.12| 850| 448 |2.9| 300 | 800| 0 |pst| 57bit preamble 300 | 200| 10 | | various orgs sending DGPS info in MSK 300 | 200| 17 |2.a| 3s bursts, packet-like 250 | 170| 22 |3.3| 250 | 150| 75/150 |3.2| fast ARQ system 250 | 170| 15/75 |2.6| ARQ w/ITA2 orig. Western Africa | | | | probably not DUP-ARQ-2 250 | 850| 32/176 |2.7| Possible ARTRAC-II/DUP-ARQ-2 signal 250 | 170| 19/38/57/76 |2.5| FSK data bursts, w/orig. Korean Diplo? 225 * 170| hdr:8 |2.8| Packet-like (new R&S-ALIS mode?) 216.07| 114| 84 |2.b| 203.56| 400| |3.1| 4sec idle sequence 200.3 | 85| |2.3| Logged in the 250-350kHz range 200 | 170| 250 |pst| ARQ,simplex, 250bit frame, polarity switch | | | | each frame (pos/neg) 200 | | 64 |2.6| sounds like VFT, 6-peaks 200 | 400| |2.7| sounds like ARQ6-90/98 200 | 450| | | sounds like ARQ-E/E3 200 | 1000| 0 |2.9| FSK 200 | 1044| 646 |3.3| Probable Russian Air Force system 186.6 | | | | FEC bit-stream, very rare 178 | 240| |pst| similiar to 80.5 but w/16bit frame 161 | 330| |2.9| unusual 12bit frame RTTY w/ITA2 bit interleave | | | | Most likely East European (POL) source. | | | | see 121/330 150 | 100| 28/224 |2.6| FEC, also as 75/100 from MOSSAD, Tel Aviv 150 | 1700| |2.7| unusually wide shift 150 * 170| | | VFT w/3ch 150/170 (3 ch 150 FSK) 150 | 853| 1399 |3.3| big ACF value! 144 * 200| | | VFT w/3ch 144/200 (RUS-144) 144 | 170| 0 |2.7| 126 | 250| 7 |2.a| 120.96| 330| |2.9| unusual 12bit frame RTTY w/ITA2 bit interleave | | | | Most likely East European (POL) source. | | | | see 161/330. 115.74| 380| | | 23-bit frame 110 | 170| 0 | | scrambled ASCII? common in the US, maybe NATO 109.81| 170| hdr:64 tfc:0 | | 109.3 | 340| |2.1| Decoded by Sitor-b. Logs from the US 108.9 * 170|0/32/64/96/200|2.4| Logs from UK, FEC/8bit char, most likely US | |idl:32 tfc:0 | | Intel source or US Mil/Air Force 107.53| 500| | | Most likely an encrypted CIS system 100.3 |~ 200| 38/76 |2.3| VFT w/2ch 100.3/(150-200) 1kHz ch shift ALE? | | | | (Spanish Navy) 100 |3*400| 190 |2.7| -600/-200/+200/+600; 4-tone clover? 100bps*6*200| |2.7| 7ch ea tone 100/200bps 4DPSK modulated | | | | (POR-VFT) 100 | 500| 162 |3.b| possible 12char per burst 80.5 |~ 300| |pst| also 81.5,122.2,161.0,163.0, 12bit frame 75 | 850| hdr:65 tfc:0 |2.8| hdr: 64 or 65 NATO System? 75 | 250| | | VMGTCNREX crypto sequence recorded with ITA2 | | | | 6-bit/interleaved. Maybe CIS-MIL 75 | 200| 300 |3.b| Russian or UKR 75 | 170| |2.8| 10bit async, not ASCII, not ITA2 75 | 70| 0 |2.8| VFT w/2ch 75/70 FSK from GYA/RN,UK 70.1 | | | | unid FSK signal 68.5 * 85| hdr:10 tfc:0 | | Not AUTOSPEC (SUI-FEC) 46.1 | 240| |3.3| Idle on reversals 54.13| 500| |2.b| CIS Synchronous data stream 50 | 500| 136 | | parallel found on other freqs. Shifts 250&500 50 | 250| 136 or 272 |2.9| Russian? 46.1 | 240| |3.3| Idle on reversals ?? |48*??| |2.6| 49-tone modem w/620Hz pilot on 15919.0 ?? |var. | |2.8| 7 chars of ITA2-P beta+7 zeros: ARQ-E like o WUN issues are numbered 1-9abc for short, where 'c' is 12 or the Dec issue. o "pst" - posted to the group list ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Section 2. Modes on VHF. There are data signals on VHF, currently dominated by pager systems. This area will continue to grow over time as more capability is added to existing systems. They are included here for reference purposes. Many of the high end professional analysis units include a few of the pager modes. But keep this in mind - according to the ECPA, monitoring of all types of paging signals is illegal and the transmissions are considered private. The ECPA, of course, only applies to the US and there may be different laws covering paging signals in effect in other countries. But...not all modes found on VHF are dedicated to paging, there are also systems used by the Aviation industry, Public Data Networks, the amateur radio community and some European Security forces/Police. 2-A. VHF Data Signals ACARS Aircraft Communication and Reporting System. A packet- like 2400 bps MSK digital air to ground system for passing plane data and messages. Check the following frequencies in AM mode for signals. 131.550 (US primary) 130.025 (US secondary) 129.125 (US tertiary) 131.475 (Air Canada proprietary channel) 131.725 (Europe primary) 131.525 (Europe secondary) 131.825 (Europe) 131.450 (Japan primary) GMDSS/DSC DSC on VHF is the same as DSC on MF/HF except that the system uses a 1200 bd and the packet is very short, only about 0.5 sec. Frequency used is Ch. 70 - 156.525Mhz. EMWIN Emergency Managers Weather Information Network is an experimental data service, formerly known as WWIN (Wireless Weather Information Network), run by the National Weather Service that utilizes a 1200 baud ASCII Bell 202 signal to transmit a hypertext system (maps and text together) that lists weather conditions. It is possible to reprogram some of the professional units (such as the M7000) to receive the text infor- mation, but special software is required to fully use both maps and the text. Areas currently supported: Location Watts Frequency MHz ----------------- -------- ---------------- Washington, DC 600watts 163.35 Norman, OK 50watts 169.025 Tulsa, OK 250watts 165.0125 Oklahoma City, OK 300watts 150.525 Wichita Falls, TX --- KTEO/90.5 FM 92kHz subcarrier Note: the data is also transmitted from GOES 8, GOES 9, G4/Ku tr 4 and T1/Ku tr 5a. FMS-BOS Funkmeldesystem fur Behorden und Organisationen mit Sicherheitsaufgaben loosely translated as Radio Calling/Communications System for Authorities and Organizations with Security Concerns. Supports a baud rate of 1200 and uses BCD for all digits. This system is designed to minimize overall traffic by transmitting a series of codes in 48bits. The 48bits are divided into 6 parameters: BOS-id, Country-code, Trunk-code, vehicle-id, status, special-use. INFOCALL A German pager-like system used to deliver stock data and news services. Supports a baud rate of 1200bps using the ITA-5 character set. ATIS A VHF/UHF radio signal used on the River Rhine maritime radio. This identification signal is automatically generated at the end of speech transmission in 1200 baud FSK (mk/sp frequencies of 1300/2100Hz). The data consists of a country identifier and a call sign. This system is used in Germany, Luxombourg, France, Switzer- land, Holland and Belgium. ATIS is also the name of an aircraft communications system running at 2400bps w/ITA5. MPT1327/1343 A 1200bps trunking protocol first defined in 1987 by the UK Department of Trade and Industry. The system operates in VHF 136MHz to 178MHz and UHF 403MHz to 528MHz. MPT1343 is the standard that defines the behavior of radio units on the public network. The protocol supports a variety of features such as con- ference calling, call transfer, calling of PABX and PSTN numbers, wide area roaming, traffic jam pre- vention, interference prevention and automatic user location and registration. These protocols are currently handled by the Wavecom W4100dsp, W41pc and Hoka Code 30. 2-B. Special Amateur Digital/Video Modes These modes can be found in the 6 meter (50 mhz), 2 meter (144-148 mhz), 220 mhz, 430-450 mhz ranges (70 cm.) and higher ranges. They are primarily used by Amateurs, and some of them require special hardware or software to view or use. These are capsule descriptions only; there are several good books and magazine articles published in 'QST', '73' and 'CQ' magazine which go into much more detail on these modes. Please consult them for more information. DSC 'Digital Selective Calling'. This is a system utilized in the amateur service that allows suitably equipped radios (such as those sold by Yaesu and Icom) to send an ASCII burst signal that allows hams to page each other by callsign over a repeater. It is somewhat similar to POCSAG. PACKET This mode is very similar to that found on HF, except that a different tone set (typically Bell 202 tones) are utilized. These signals can be found in almost all the ham bands, including 900 mhz. There are 3 distinct protocols in use here; AX.25 Similar to that on HF, but speeds here are typically 1200 bd FSK or 9600 bd FSK or PSK in the UHF/SHF range. Some applications using AX.25 are: * Packet Cluster - This is a real-time networked mode that allows connected amateurs to immediatly report on DX stations and broadcast this information to whomever may be connected. One of the most common frequencies is 145.55MHz. * APRS - somewhat similar to HF with different baud speeds being used here. The national frequency for this mode on 2 meters is 145.57MHz. * TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol, Internet Protocol. This mode, which uses AX.25 as the Link Layer, is used, for example, in links between Internet and amateur BBSs. Due to the nature of the protocol and speeds used (9600 bd or better), units like the M8000 will not read this data. However, units with special software and firmware (such as that found on the PK232) can utilize this mode. Units operating in this mode are said to be in 'KISS' mode. This traffic may be found on 2 meters on 145.59MHz (and others). ATV Amateur Television. This is a FSTV system used by hams in the 430, 900 and 1200 Mhz systems. Uses include public service and Space Shuttle relays. A special de- modulator is required to see this system in most in- stances; however, some cable TVs can also see this system on channels 60, 62 or XX. 2-C. VHF SELCAL and Analog Paging Signals. There are a lot of commercial systems available that are being used today. Till I get a handle on all the different manufacturers and get the information collated check out the following page. It covers and presents the tones used by many commercial systems. http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/1060/hdwsftw.html HSC Hexadecimal Sequential Code format is an analog system introduced in 1979 that supports tone-only, numeric and voice paging. It is based on the 5/6-tone system but uses a total of 16 tones (0-9 A-F + Repeat). Selected combinations of tones can be used to activate special features built into the pager. HSC and 5/6-tone systems can work together on the same frequency. European 5/6-tone Systems ------------------------- This analog paging format uses tone sets defined by various European and United States standards organizations. This analog system uses 10 tones plus one extra tone (in most cases) as a Repeat tone. The Repeat tone is used when two tones representing the same number follow in sequence. For example: 99222 would use the tone sequence 9R2R2. Pagers using this format support up to 1 million pagers and support tone-only and voice paging. Tones supported are listed in the following as digit/frequency in Hz. Also see Table 4-H. CCIR1, CCIR2, CCITT, EIA, NATEL, ZVEI1/2, VDEW and EURO5 are 5 tone. EURO is 6 tone. + EEA - SELCAL system conforming to Electronic Engineering Association, United Kingdom. recommendations. Tones supported 0/1981 1/1124 2/1197 3/1275 4/1358 5/1446 6/1540 7/1640 8/1747 9/1860 A/1055 B/930 C/2246.9 D/991 E/2110 F/0 with a tone duration of 40ms. + CCIR 1 - CCIR 1 recommendations from Comite Consultatif International De Radio. Tones supported 0/1981 1/1124 2/1197 3/1275 4/1358 5/1446 6/1540 7/1640 8/1747 9/1860 A/2400 B/930 C/2246.9 D/991 E/2110 F/0 with a tone duration of 100ms. + CCIR 7 - SELCAL system conforming to CCIR 7 recommendations from Comite Consultatif International De Radio. Tones supported 0/1981 1/1124 2/1197 3/1275 4/1358 5/1446 6/1540 7/1640 8/1747 9/1860 A/2400 B/930 C/2246.9 D/991 E/2110 F/0 with a tone duration of 70ms. + ZVEI 1 - SELCAL system conforming to ZVEI 1 recommendations from Zentralverband der Electrotechnischen Industrie, West Germany. Tones supported 0/2400 1/1060 2/1160 3/1270 4/1400 5/1530 6/1670 7/1830 8/2000 9/2200 A/2799.9 B/810 C/970 D/886 E/2599.9 F/0 with a tone duration of 70ms. + ZVEI 2 - SELCAL system conforming to ZVEI 2 recommendations from Zentralverband der Electrotechnischen Industrie, West Germany. Tones supported 1/2200 2/970 3/1060 4/1270 5/1400 6/1530 7/1670 8/1830 9/2000 A/2599.9 B/2799.9 C/810 D/886 E/2400 F/0 with a tone duration of 70ms. Also called DZVEI. + NATEL - SELCAL system conforming to Scandinavian National Telephone (NATEL) recommendations. Tones supported 0/1633 1/631 2/697 3/770 4/852 5/941 6/1040 7/1209 8/1336 9/1477 A/1633 B/600 C/1995 D/2205 E/1805 F/0 with a tone duration of 70ms. + EURO - SELCAL system conforming to EURO recommendations. Tones supported 0/979.8 1/903.1 2/832.5 3/767.4 4/707.4 5/652.0 6/601.0 7/554.0 8/510.7 9/470.8 A/433.9 B/400.0 C/368.7 D/1153.1 E/1062.9 F/0 with a tone duration of 100ms. Also referred to as EuroSignal. This system uses 6 tones. + EURO5 - SELCAL system as above but uses 5 tones. Motorola Systems ---------------- + EIA - SELCAL system conforming to Electronics Industries Association, United States (EIA) recommendations. Tones supported 0/600 1/741 2/882 3/1023 4/1164 5/1305 6/1446 7/1587 8/1728 9/1869 A/2151 B/2432.9 C/2010.1 D/2292 E/459 F/0 with a tone duration of 33ms. MODAT - Tones supported 0/637.5 1/787.5 2/937.5 3/1087.5 4/1237.5 5/1387.5 6/1537.5 7/1687.5 8/1837.5 9/1987.5 REACH 11th root of 2 -------------------- High Freq - 0/2400 1/2253 2/2116 3/1987 4/1865 5/1751 6/1644 7/1544 8/1450 9/1361 Low Freq - 0/1200 1/1127 2/1058 3/993 4/933 5/876 6/822 7/772 8/725 9/681 + CCITT SELCAL system conforming to CCITT recommendations. Tones supported 0/400 1/697 2/770 3/852 4/941 5/1209 6/1335 7/1477 8/1633 9/1800 A/1900 B/2000 C/2100 D/2200 E/2300 F/0 with a tone duration of 100ms. + VDEW SELCAL system conforming to VDEW recommendations or German Electricity Works - Vereinigung Deutscher Elektrizitaetswerke. Tones supported 0/2280 1/370 2/450 3/550 4/675 5/825 6/1010 7/1240 8/1520 9/1860 A/2000 B/2100 C/2200 D/2300 E/2400 F/0 with a tone duration of 100ms. + Hoka Code 30 can decode but needs the VHF option (extra) to decode these modes. 2-D. VHF Digital Paging Signals. POCSAG Post Office Code Standardization Advisory Group Pager system developed in 1981 and is described in CCIR Recommendation 584, Radiopaging Code 1. This system can handle up to 2 million individual addresses per carrier and can support tone only, numeric and text pagers. Operates at 512, 1200 and 2400 bps (1200 and 2400 bps are commonly referred to as Super-POCSAG. Transmits in FM Narrow using frequency bands that are country specific. POCSAG is an asynchronous protocol, it has a start up preamble signal that alerts the pager to an incoming message (wake up). Pagers are assigned to 1 of 8 groups based on address. Pagers only pay attention to the address group to which they are assigned. 2 coding formats are used for message text: BCD and 7 bit ASCII. Some documents reference POCSAG by the short-tag PAGER1. ERMES European Radio Message System developed in 1990 by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute. Strictly a European format with no known US implemen- tations. It supports alphanumeric, numeric and tone paging. ERMES operates at a constant speed of 6250 bps and uses 4 level FSK signalling. This protocol uses a dedicated frequency spectrum in the 169 MHz range and supports 16 adjacent channels. The pagers are designed such that each pager is assigned to a specific time slot and when the pager senses it is not in its 'home' system it begins its roaming routine by scanning all channels. GOLAY Golay Sequential Pager Signalling System is a digital system used to transmit tone only, numeric, alphanumeric and voice pages. This is a Motorola proprietary system but now obsolete according to Motorola. It may be that GOLAY is no longer found in those VHF frequency bands that support pagers but is still believed to be on US Satellite. Pagers are divided into groups and a preamble is sent prior to paging alerts. Only pagers within the group number sent in the preamble need to examine the data stream for their address. Supports bit rates of 300 or 600 in that a pager address is sent at 300bps and any numeric or alphanumeric information is sent at 600bps. Also known as GSC - Golay Sequential Coding. APOC Advanced Pager Operating Code. A new mode, developed by Philips Telecom and announced in 1993, that offers higher speed and some new features while retaining backwards compatibility with POCSAG. Supports bit rates between 1200 to 6400 or about 1200 to 3200 baud using 2-PAM/FM or 4-PAM/FM modulation. Extended addressing is supported, allowing support for more then 2 million pagers. As of mid-1996, Philips has dropped APOC and instead settled a cross-licensing deal with Motorola for access to FLEX. FLEX Paging protocol introduced by Motorola late in 1994 and will be the protocol of choice as paging company up- grade from POCSAG to FLEX in the US. FLEX supports rates of 1600, 3200 and 6400bps and can handle up to 5 billion addresses. FLEX has a 4 frequency signal arranged as evenly spaced tones with usual shifts (in Hz) of: -4800/-1600/+1600/+4800 This signalling technique is also more susceptible to noise so a robust error correction scheme is incorp- orated. FLEX pagers also appear to have a decreased effective paging radius when compared to POCSAG. FLEX is a synchronous time slot protocol. The FLEX protocol does not send messages at random but instead sends all paging data destined for a particular pager during a pre-defined time slot. The pager only wakes up only when a message is expected to arrive in real time thereby saving battery life. NEC/D3 A digital encoding format developed by NEC America that supports tone only and numeric pages at a rate of 200 bps. This format was developed for use in NEC R3-D3 pagers. This format uses 2 methods for preserving battery life. First a preamble is used to alert ALL pagers that there are incoming messages. Pagers remain idle till preamble detection. Second, pagers are grouped by address into 1 of 4 different groups. Each group is transmitted during a fixed time period and pagers only power up to look for its own address during the time its group is transmitted. Error correcting codes and even parity bits are used on each address and message. Mark IV/V/VI A digital format that supports tone, numeric and voice paging. This system requires 2ms to send a binary 0 and 4ms to send a binary 1 making the data transmission rate between 250 to 500 bps. Mark IV could handle tone only and Mark V and Mark VI could handle up to 10 digits. Swedish MBS An FM subcarier system developed by the Swedish Telecommunications Administration. This paging format supports tone-only, numeric and alphanumeric paging. Data is transmitted using the 57kHz subcarrier at a rate of 1187.5 bps. MBS (Mobile Search) is used in a modified form (MMBS) in the US by Cue Paging. RBDS/RDS An FM subcarrier system developed by the Swedish Telecommunications Administration. The system transmits information to standard FM receivers using the 57kHz subcarrier with a data rate of 1187.5 bps. The signal is made up of 16 possible data groups, where each has 4 blocks of info and each block is 26 bits long. Out of the 26 bits, 16 bits are for data and 10 bits are for error correction. RBDS data groups currently supported are: 0 Basic Tuning/Switching 8 Traffic Msg Channel/TMC 1 Program Item Number 9 Emergency Warning System 2 Radio Text 10 PTY Names 3 GPS 11 Undefined 4 Clock Time & Date 12 Undefined 5 Transparent Data Chan 13 Undefined 6 In House Applications 14 Enhanced Other Networks 7 Radio Paging Services 15 Fast Tuning/Switching Info Reference the NRSC US RBDS Standard 1/8/93: Specifi- cation of the Radio Broadcast Data System and the European Standard CENELEC EN 50 067 (4/92): Specifi- cation of the Radio Data System. Circuit Research Labs SC-100 is an example of an RBDS processor used to inject the proper carrier in an FM signal. RECEPTOR An FM subcarrier system developed by Seiko Tele- communications Systems, Inc. The systems uses the 64kHz subcarrier on commercial FM broadcasts and operates with a data rate of 19kbps. The system offers a variety of services including paging, sports, weather reports, and stock quotes through the Seiko MessageWatch. The system is currently in limited use in the US with expansion planned into the top 20 US markets within the next 2 years. 2-E. VHF Two-way Paging Signals ReFLEX A Motorola two-way paging scheme. Currently comes in 2 forms. ReFLEX 25, which supports an outbound channel capacity of 12,800bps and inbound capacity up to 9600 bps and ReFLEX 50, which supports an outbound channel capacity of 25,600bs and inbound capacity up to 9600 bps. Both forms utilize a 50kHz channel. This scheme is designed to give the end user the ability to ack- nowledge a message, send replies and download data. inFLEXon A Motorola two-way paging protocol that allows voice and data messaging using a 50kHz Narrow Band PCS channel with a throughput of 112K bps. This system is based on the ReFLEX protocol. NexNet A proprietary two-way system created by Nexus Tele- communications, Ltd. of Israel uses Spread Spectrum transmission from the pager to send responses. The current system uses POCSAG to send messages to the pager. Data sent outbound from the pager is transparent to the incoming data which means that this two-way paging system can coexist on pre-existing one-way paging channels. Testing in Minneapolis, Chicago and Orlando by American Paging is expected to be completed by the end of 1996. RAMP Radio Mail Protocol. A two-way pager protocol built to be backwardly compatible with APOC. Currently under development by Philips Telecom. pACT An AT&T Wireless Services/PCSI developed open standard designed to support two-way paging and messaging services. The protocol uses an 8kbps link based on re-use of cellular channels. * POCSAG and GOLAY can also be found on U.S. domestic C/Ku-band Satellite SCPC carriers. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Section 3. Baud Rate Summary Table Below is a table of expected baud rates you can most likely encounter for the latest listing of modes available. An accurate baud rate is a valuable tool to identifying a particular mode and there are many modes that have unique baud rates. As of this writing the Hoka and Wavecom units seem to have the most accurate capability of all existing decoders currently on the market. All rates are in units baud. A few baud oddities of note: * 128.5bd ARQ-M2 French Forces circuit(s) between Papeete, Tahiti and Mururoa. * 184.6bd ARQ-E French Forces circuit(s) used by RFFXQA Sarajevo, BIH also it seems many former 72bd ARQ-E circuits are changing to 184.6bd ARQ-E. * 384bd FEC-A used by MFA Paris,F and French Emb., ROU * 109.3bd SITOR-B used by an unidentified user. * 46.1bd ARQ-E used by Egyptian/Tunisian Air Force/Air Defense sending in Arabic. * 85.7bd ARQ-E used by an unidentified user sending encrypted traffic NOTE: For baud rates of unidentified systems reference the table in section 1-K Synchronous Data Block Systems ------------------------------ 50 ARTOR 96 SI-ARQ 100 SWED-ARQ TWINPLEX ARTOR SITOR-A PACTOR G-TOR ARQ6-98 125 DUP-ARQ 144 SI-ARQ 171.42 IRA-ARQ 192 SI-ARQ 200 ARQ6-70 ARQ6-90/98 TWINPLEX ARTOR SI-ARQ PACTOR G-TOR 200.20 IRA-ARQ 228.5 MERLIN/ALIS(RS-ARQ) 250 DUP-ARQ-2 300 TWINPLEX G-TOR 300.30 IRA-ARQ 457 MERLIN/ALIS(RS-ARQ) Packet-like Systems ------------------- 125 CLOVER 225 MERLIN/ALIS 240 HC-ARQ 250 CLOVER 300 PACKET 375 CLOVER 500 CLOVER 1200 ACARS/HFDL Multi-tone/MFSK Systems ----------------------- 12.5 COQUELET-13 13.33 COQUELET-8 20 COQUELET-13 PICCOLO-Mk6 26.67 COQUELET-8 40 COQUELET-13 CROWD36 PICCOLO-Mk10 100 MIL188 TT2300b 240 MERLIN/ALIS-2(7 tone burst ARQ ALIS mode) 1364 b/s LINK-11 2250 b/s LINK-11 Synchronous Bit Stream Systems ------------------------------ 36 BEE/36-50 36.5 81-81 40.5 81-81 42.1 CIS-14 46.1 ARQ-E 47.5 CIS-14 48 ARQ-E ARQ-E3 ARQ-N CIS-14 50 CIS-11 CIS-14 ARQ-E BEE/36-50 62.3 AUTOSPEC SPREAD-11/21/51 64 ARQ-E ARQ-E3 ARQ-N 68.5 AUTOSPEC SPREAD-11/21/51 SUI-FEC 70.5 CIS-14 72 ARQ-N ARQ-E ARQ-E3 CIS-14 73 81-81 75 IRA-ARQ 81 81-81 83.3 CIS-14 84.21 CIS-14 85.7 ARQ-E ARQ-M2-242/342 ARQ-N 86 ARQ-E ARQ-E3 87 ARQ-M2 ARQ-M4 94.11 CIS-14 96 ARQ-N ARQ-E ARQ-E3 ARQ-M2 ARQ-M4 FEC-A SI-FEC CIS-14 100 POL-ARQ SITOR-B TORG-10 IRA-ARQ CIS-11 CIS-14 ARQ-E3 BEE/36-50 ARS-GUARD SI-FEC 100.05 HNG-FEC 102.7 AUTOSPEC SPREAD-11/21/51 109.3 SITOR-B 110 IRA-ARQ 125 ARS-GUARD DUP-FEC-2 128.5 ARQ-M2-342 137 SPREAD-11/21/51 144 ARQ-N ARQ-E ARQ-E3 FEC-A CIS-14 150 IRA-ARQ CIS-11 CIS-14 RAC-ARQ 162 81-81 164.48 ROU-FEC 171 ARQ-E 171.42 IRA-ARQ 172 ARQ-M4-242/342 184.6 ARQ-E 192 ARQ-N ARQ-E ARQ-E3 ARQ-M2 FEC-A SI-FEC 200 ARQ-E3 ARQ-M2 ARQ-M4 SI-FEC IRA-ARQ CIS-11 CIS-14 POL-ARQ ARS-GUARD HNG-FEC 218.3 ROU-FEC SPREAD-11/21/51 240 IRA-ARQ 250 DUP-ARQ-II DUP-FEC-II 267 RAC-ARQ 288 FEC-A CIS-14 ARQ-E 300 IRA-ARQ CIS-11 384 FEC-A 600 IRA-ARQ Asynchronous Bit Stream Systems ------------------------------- 50 BAUDOT 75 BAUDOT 100 BAUDOT 110 ASCII 300 ASCII ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Section 4. ACF Summary Table Definition: ACF - AutoCorrelation Frequency, a number that is derived from the Auto Correlation BIT module in the Hoka Code 3 or Code 30. The technique and theory of Autocorrelation is not limited to Hoka equipment as Wavecoms W41PC and W4100DSP also include this analysis tool. Result: ACF can tell you: 1. Character size -or- Needed if you wish to apply an Frame size alphabet against an unknown signal w/Simplex or Duplex Character Repetition Analysis modules. Cycle (CRC) 2. Signal is encrypted ACF=0 or no pattern Theory: Autocorrelation is simply the correlation of a signal with itself or a comparison of a signal with itself as a function of time shift. By determining the first highest peak in the graphical display of the Auto Correlation BIT module it is possible to discover the periodicity of a signal. This allow you to determine the number of bits in a character of a particular signal or the frame size of a signal. It also will reveal the randomness of a signal which instantly tells you if a signal is encrypted. Ideally, encrypted signals contain no regular patterns. Below is a table of known signals and their ACF values. In the table, "Preamble" is defined as the non-random portion preceeding an encrypted signal. Many believe that this is used to sync the transmitter and receiver of the signal being transmitted. For signals that are mostly off-line encrypted (figure/letter group encryption) or sent clear text "data" is defined as the time which the signal is actually transmitting data or not idling. Many signals don't have a distinct idle sequence but instead transmit data then terminate. "Idle" is defined as the time the signal is sending an idle sequence. Many signals have distinct idle modes and spend many hours idling. Many times you will see a different pattern displayed by the auto correlation BIT module of a signal sending data and idling but they will have the same ACF. +------------------------------------- System name | +----------------------- Preamble ACF | | +-------------- Data/Traffic ACF | | | +---- Idle ACF v v v v Comment -----------------+--------+---------+---------+------------------------------- BEE/36-50 | 70 | 0 | 2 | tfc is encrypted 81-81 | | 0 | | tfc is encrypted ARQ6-70 | | | 70 | rare ARQ6-90 | | | 90 | ARQ6-98 | | | 98 | ARQ-E | | 28,56 | 28,56 | very common, mostly idle ARQ-E3 | | 28,56 | 28,56 | very common, mostly idle ARQ-M2 | | 56 | 56 | French Forces 4-CRC ARQ-M2 | | 112 | 112 | 8-CRC not common ARQ-M4 | | 56 | 56 | rare ARQ-N | | | | ARS-GUARD | | | 48,96 | ASCII | | 7,8 | | async system AUTOSPEC | | 40(*) | | BAUDOT | | 7,8,15 | | 1 async system5 w/half-stop bit CIS-11/TORG-11 | | | | CIS-14 | | | | DGPS (MSK) | | 10 | | DUP-ARQ | | 88 | | DUP-ARQ-2 | | | | DUP-FEC | | | | FEC-A | | | 56 | FEC-S/SI-FEC | | | | G-TOR | | | | HNG-FEC | | 90 | 90 | IRA-ARQ | | 11 | 55 | PACTOR | | 0 | | POL-ARQ | | | 7 | ROU-FEC | | 16 | 16 | RS-ARQ/ALIS | | 110(*) | 59 | 228.7bd RS-ARQ/ALIS2 | | | 59 | 240bd multitone signal RS-ARQ/packet | | 0 | | 225.2bd, tfc 0 due to encoding SI-ARQ/ARQ-S | | | 70 | SITOR-A | | | 45 | very common SITOR-B | | | 35 | very common SPREAD | | | | SUI-FEC | 10 | 0 | | SWED-ARQ | | | 45 | TT2300b | | | 8 | TWINPLEX | | | | (*) data from snapshots in the Klingenfuss Radioteletype Code Manual 13th Ed. By ACF ------- The data listed below is ACF sorted numerically. ACF in [] is an unknown system that had a distinctive ACF. This data was taken from the Unid Signals listed in section 1-K. ACF System ---- ----------------------------------------- 2 BEE/36-50(idle) 7 BAUDOT(x-stop), POL-ARQ [ 7] 126/250 8 BAUDOT(x-stop) ,TT2300b 10 RS-ARQ(225.2b), DGPS(MSK), IRA-ARQ [ 10] 362.4/500 11 IRA-ARQ 15 BAUDOT(1.5-stop) [ 15] 250/170 (West. African ARQ) 16 ROU-FEC [ 17] 300/200 28 ARQ-E, ARQ-E3 [ 28] 150/100 (MOSSAD FEC system) [ 32] ARTRAC-II 35 SITOR-B 40 AUTOSPEC 45 SITOR-A, SWED-ARQ 48 ARS-GUARD(idle) 55 IRA-ARQ 56 ARQ-E, ARQ-E3, FEC-A, ARQ-M2, ARQ-M4 59 RS-ARQ/ALIS2(240b), RS-ARQ/ALIS(228.7) 70 ARQ-S [ 75] 250/170 (West. African ARQ) [ 84] 216.07/114 88 DUP-ARQ 90 ARQ6-90 96 ARQ-GUARD 98 ARQ6-98 110 RS-ARQ/ALIS 112 ARQ-M2 [162] 100/500 [176] ARTRAC-II [224] 150/1000 (MOSSAD FEC system) [448] 300.12/850 [1399] 150/853 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Section 5. System Parameters This section lists the unique characteristics of each named mode: specifying character length and known alphabet for all modes. For synchronous data block systems, block length, cycle specifics and baud rate is listed. For sychronous bit stream systems, cycle information and character specifics, such as sync bits, parity bits and interleaving details are listed. Finally for the MFSK systems, tones, tone layout and tone spacing are listed. Synchronous Data Block Systems - Table 5-A ------------------------------------------ +------------------------------------------ character size (bits) | +------------------------------------ alphabet in use | | +---------------------------- block size (chars) | | | +------------------------ repetition cycle (bits) | | | | +------------------ total rep. cycle time(mS) | | | | | +---------- cycle breakdown as | | | | | | (ISS/IRS/rest) | | | | | | +- most commonly found baud v v v v v v v comments ----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+----------------------- ARQ6-70 | 7 |ITA3 | 6| 70 | 350 | 42/7/21 | 200 |6ch*35ms=210ms 140ms ps | | | | | | | |rare ----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+----------------------- ARQ6-90 | 7 |CCIR476| 6| 90 | 450 | 42/7/41 | 200 |6ch*35ms=210ms 240ms ps ----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+----------------------- ARQ6-98 | 7 |CCIR476| 6| 98 | 490 | 42/7/49 | 200 |6ch*35ms=210ms 280ms ps ----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+----------------------- SWED-ARQ/ | 7 |CCIR476| 3| 45 | 450 | 21/7/17 | 100 |3ch*7bit=210ms 210ms ps ARQ-SWED | | | 9| 90 | 900 | 63/7/20 | 100 |9ch*7bit=630ms 270ms ps | | | 22|180 | 1540 |154/7/19 | 100 |22ch*7bit=1540ms 260ms ----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+----------------------- TWINPLEX | 7 |CCIR476|2*3| 45 | 450 | 21/7/17 | 100 | See Table 4-F ----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+----------------------- SITOR-A | 7 |CCIR476| 3| 45 | 450 | 21/7/17 | 100 |3ch*70ms=210ms 240ms ps ----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+----------------------- SI-ARQ/ | 7 |ITA3 | 3| 42 | 437.5| 21/7/14 | 96 |every odd cycle has ARQ-S/ | | | 4| 56 | 583.3| 28/7/21 | 96 |all bits inverted ARQ1000S | | | 5| 70 | 729.2| 35/7/28 | 96 |RC of 5 and 6 are | | | 6| 84 | 875.0| 42/7/35 | 96 |most commonly found | | | 7| 98 |1020.8| 49/7/42 | 96 | ----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+---------------------- DUP-ARQ/ | 5 |ITA2+7p| 5| 88 | 704 | 32/32/12 | 125 |7p added to ea. blk of ARTRAC | | | | | | | |5 char. each xm burst | | | | | | | |is 32bits. 5ch @ 5bits | | | | | | | |+ 7p=256ms xm 96ms ps ----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+---------------------- DUP-ARQ-2/| 5 |ITA5 or| |176 | 704 | | 250 |1frame = 2blks DUP-ARQ ARTRAC 2 | |ITA2 | | | | | | = 2blks of 32bits | | | | | | | |1blk is 5bit cksum + | | | | | | | | 3x8bit chars + 00 ----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+---------------------- MERLIN/ | 5 |ITA2 | 48|111 | 485.4| |228.7|1 blk = 2id + 30data+ ALIS/RSARQ| | | | | | | | 16crc. | | | | | | | |1ack blk = 16bits ----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+--------------------- PACTOR | 8 |ITA5 | 96| 125| 1250 | 96/12/17 | 100 |*IRS is 12bits and | | |192| 250| 1250 |192/24*/32| 200 |ALWAYS sent @100bd ----------+---+-------+---+----+------+----------+-----+--------------------- G-TOR | 8 |ITA5 | 21| | 240 |192/16/32 | 100 | | | | 45| | 240 | | 200 | | | | 69| | 240 | | 300 | Asynchronous Data Block System - Table 5-B ------------------------------------------ +-------------------------------------------- character size (bits) | +----------------------------------------- alphabet in use | | +----------------------------------- block size (chars) | | | +---------------------------- block size (bits) | | | | +--------------------- block tx time (mS) | | | | | +------------- block breakdown (chars) | | | | | | +- most commonly found baud v v v v v v v comments --------+-+----+-----+-------+------+-------------+---+------------------------- HC-ARQ |5|ITA2| 38 | 174 | 725 |4 char sync, |240| All packets sent with no | | | | | |5*30 chars, | | timing restraints. Data | | | | | |4 char CRC | | packet can be sent at |5|ITA2| 68 | 324 | 1350 |4 char sync, |240| any time after a rx'ed | | | | | |5*60 chars, | | ACK from other station. | | | | | |4 char CRC | | Is therefore "Asynch". |5|ITA2| 188 | 924 | 3850 |4 char sync, |240| Packet length usually | | | | | |5*180 chars | | data chars + 8 chars | | | | | |4 char CRC | | overhead (4 header+4CRC) --------+-+----+-----+-------+------+-------------+---+------------------------ PACKET/ |8|ITA5|8-264|64-2112|21-704|1 start flag,|300| Overhead is fixed at 8 AX25 | | | | | |3 address, | | bytes. Data block = 0 | | | | | |1 control 0- | | to 256 bytes | | | | | |256 data chrs| | | | | | | |2 CRC bytes | | | | | | | |and end flag | | Asynchronous Bit Stream Systems - Table 5-C ------------------------------------------- char using size alphabet characteristics ---------+-----+---------+---------------------------------------------------- BAUDOT |5 bit|ITA2 |1 start,5 data, 1, 1.5, or 2 stop (exact stop bit | | |length can vary) 1 char = 7, 7.5, 8 bits ---------+-----+---------+---------------------------------------------------- ASCII |x bit|ITA5 |1start,5,6,7 data bits(x), 1 stop + 1p (optional) | | |1 char = 8,9 or 10bits/p bit = none,even or odd ---------+-----+---------+---------------------------------------------------- BAUDOT/ |5 bit|ITA2 |2 ch, same speed ea. ch, 4 frequency, async F7BBN | | | Synchronous Bit Stream Systems - Table 5-D ------------------------------------------ +---------------------------------------------- char size (bit) | +-------------------------------------- using alphabet | | +------------------------------ repetition cycle | | | +------------------------- characteristics v v v v ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ ARQ-N | 7|ITA2P | 4/8 |No inverted char every 4 of 8 char ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ ARQ-E/ | 7|ITA2P | 4/8 |every 4th/8th char inverted which marks it ARQ1000D | | | |as the 1st char of that block of 4 of 8 chars ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ ARQ-E3 | 7|ITA3 | 4/8 |see ARQ-E ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ ARQ-M2-242| 7|ITA3 |4/5/8|a-ch erect, b-ch invert, char interleaved 342| 7|ITA3 | 4/8 |a-ch erect, b-ch invert, char interleaved ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ ARQ-M4-242| 7|ITA3 |4/5/8|a/c-ch char interleaved a/b c/d bit interleave | | | |a-ch erect b/c/d invert 342| 7|ITA3 | 4/8 |a-ch erect, b-ch invert a/b chars interleaved | | | |c-ch invert d-ch erect a/b c/d bit interleave ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ AUTOSPEC |10|ITA2 + 5p| |1 char = 10 bits, 5bits of ITA2, 5 parity bits ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ SPREAD |10|ITA2 + 5p| |1 char = 10 bits w/ea. char interleaved over | | | |11,21 or 51 bits ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ 81-81 |12|CYR M2 | |1 frame = 12 bits. 2-ch (bauds 73,81) | | | |1 frame = 6 bits. 1-ch (bauds 36.5,40.5) ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ CIS-11 | 5|CYR M2 | |1 frame = 11bits. 5 M2 char + 2state + 4p | | | | M2 char: in reverse order. 2state bits define | | | | system state and alphabet. ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ CIS-14 | 5|CYR M2 | |1 frame = 14bits. 2-ch bit interleave | | | |frame:a1B1a2B2a3B3a4B4a5B5a6B6p1p2(2*6bits+2p) | | | |a-ch:a2-6 b-ch:B2-6 a1B1=state (IDLE/TFC) | | | | p1p2=error correction | | | |1 frame = 28bits. CIS-14 variant ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ DUP-FEC-2 | 5|ITA2 or | |1 frame = 32bits. 5bit CRC used. DUP-FEC | | ITA5 | | ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ FEC-A/ | 7|ITA2P | |data bits+p bits interleaved. Parity created FEC100A | | | |by shift register. 2 known lengths: 71 and 127 ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ HNG-FEC |15|15 bit | |1st 5bits ITA-2 with bits 1 and 5 inverted + | | | |10bits error correction. interleave of 64bits, | | | |each new char starts 15bits after preceding char ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ POL-ARQ | 7|CCIR476 |4/5/6|Similar to ARQ-N but using CCCIR476 alphabet ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ ROU-FEC/ |16|16 bit | |interleave of 128bits, new char starts 16bits RUM-FEC | | | |from preceding char. Bit masking used (10,15,31) ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ SI-FEC/ | 7|ITA3 | |each char inverted and repeated 15 chars later, FEC-S/ | | | |or 1050ms, similar to ARQ-M2-242 FEC1000S | | | | ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ SITOR-B/ | 7|CCIR476 | |char interleaved, each char simply repeated NAVTEX | | | |after 350ms (5 chars/35 bits later) ----------+--+---------+-----+------------------------------------------------ TORG-10/11|11|ITA2 | |1 frame = 11 bits: 5 data+2sync+4p. See CIS-11 Multi-tone/MFSK/PSK Systems - Table 5-E --------------------------------------- +---------------------------------- modulation | +----------------------------- # of tones | | +-------------------- tone shift/arrangement | | | +-------- tone shift/spacing (Hz) | | | | +--- bps(FSK) / symbol/sec(PSK) v v v v v comments -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- PICCOLO |MFSK| 6| 5*20Hz tone3-8 | 20 | 20 |1 char -> 2 tones, ea 50ms MK6 | | | | | |so 1 char = 100ms. 7.5 unit | | | | | |ITA2 gives 75 baud throughput | |12|11*20Hz tone0-11| 20 | 20 |ITA5 version. -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- PICCOLO |MFSK| 6| 5*40Hz | 40 | 40 |special alphabet in use MK10 | | | | | |1 char -> 2 tones, ea 25ms -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- COQUELET 8 |MFSK| 8|7*26.7Hz tone1-8| 26.7| 26.7|1 char = 2 consecutive tones | | | | | |ea 37.5ms. 1 char is 75ms -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- COQUELET 13|MFSK|13|8*30Hz tone1-8 +| 30 | 13.3|1 char = 2 consecutive tones | | |4*30Hz tone9-12 | | |ea. 75ms. 1 char is 150ms -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- CROWD36 |MFSK|36|35*40Hz tone1-36| 40 | 40 |3 groups of 10+11+11 tones | | | | | 10 |tones 1,12,24,36 rarely used | | | | | |1 of 32 tones=1 of 32 ITA2 chars | | | | | |1 tone = 100ms@10bps | | | | | |1 tone = 25ms@40bps -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- MIL188 |MFSK| 8|7*250Hz | 250 | |1 sym = 8ms -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- TT2300b/ |MFSK| 8|7*200Hz | 200 | 100/|100bd gives 300bps throughput TPLEX | | | | | 200 |200bd gives 600bps throughput | | | | | |1 tone is 5ms@100bd 10ms@200bd -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- LINK-11 |QPSK|15|14*110Hz | 110 | |1 doppler tone @605Hz offset | | | tone 1@935Hz | | |1 sync tone @2915Hz offset -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- LESW/LINK11|8PSK| 1|0*1800Hz | 0 | |data rates up to 4800bps Single Tone| | | | | |1 packet=192bits+64bits sync Waveform | | | | | | 256bits=80ms +26.67ms -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- MERLIN/ |MFSK| 8|7*240Hz tone1-8 | 240 | 240 |240sym/s or 720b/s ALIS-2 | | | | | | -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- MS5 Russian|QPSK|12|11*200Hztone1-11| 200 | 100 |1 pilot tone @3300Hz Vocoder | | | tone 1@700Hz | | |(rare: 3600Hz) -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- CLOVER |PSK | 4|3*125Hz | 125 |31.25|Supp: BPSM/125bps QPSM/250bps | | | | | | 8PSM/375bps 16PSM/500bps | | | | | | 8P2A/500bps 16P4A/750bps | | | | | |Total bandwidth 500Hz -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- CLOVER-2000|PSK | 8|7*250Hz | 250 |62.50|Supp: BPSM/500bps QPSM/1000bps | | | | | | 8PSM/1500bps 8P2A/2000bps | | | | | | 16P4A/3000bps | | | | | |Total bandwidth 2kHz -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- HF=Datalink|8PSK| 1|0*1440Hz | 0 | |Adaptive rates of 150,300,600, | | | | | | 1200,1800 supported. Multi-tone/MFSK/PSK Systems - Table 5-E continued ------------------------------------------------- +---------------------------------- modulation | +----------------------------- # of tones | | +-------------------- tone shift/arrangement | | | +-------- tone shift/spacing (Hz) | | | | +--- bps(FSK) / symbol/sec(PSK) v v v v v comments -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- 4+4 |MFSK| 8|3*300Hz tone1-4 | | |1 channel is 150bps BPSK | | |1*450Hz Gap | | | | | |3*300Hz tone5-8 | | | -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- 39-tone |PSK |39|38*56.25Hz |56.25|2400 |tones 675Hz to 2812.5Hz modem | | | | | |1 doppler tone @393.75Hz -----------+----+--+----------------+-----+-----+------------------------------- CODAN modem|QPSK|16|15*112.5Hz |112.5|2400 |tones 656.25Hz to 2343.75Hz TWINPLEX Parameters - Table 5-F ------------------------------- o CCIR476 alphabet, 1 char = 7bits o 2 channels of 3 characters, 1 block = 6 chars o Characters may be "erect" or "inversed" or "erect and inversed" o 1 cycle = 450ms, 210ms tx 240ms rx o Interleave is station selectable o Channel decode is station selectable o Frequency shift is station selectable ------------------------------------------------++-------------------------- Interleave (lower case: ch1 UPPER CASE: ch2) || Channel Decode Method ------------------------------------------------++-------------------------- WORD - abc ABC def DEF ghi GHI jkl || * F7B-1 BBYY BYBY BIT - a1 A1 b2 B2 c3 C3 d4 D4 e5 E5 f6 F6 || F7B-2 BBYY BYYB CHAR - a A b B c C d D e E f F || F7B-3 BYBY BBYY NONE - abc def ghi jkl || * F7B-4 BYBY BYYB [normal SITOR sends interleave NONE] || F7B-5 BYYB BBYY --------------------+-----------+---------------+| F7B-6 BYYB BYBY Frequency Offset | Shift | User || ch.1 ch.2 f1 f2 f3 f4 | | || -400 -200 +200 +400 |200/400/200|* || B defined as:0/spc/start -200 -85 +85 +200 |115/170/115|*Spain/Pakistan|| Y defined as:1/mrk/stop -255 -85 +85 +255 |170/170/170| Dutch || -150 -50 +50 +150 |100/100/100| || -300 -100 +100 +300 |200/200/200| || -200 -85 +85 +600 |115/170/515| Pakistan || * commonly found | 65/170/ 65| || --------------------+-----------+---------------++-------------------------- Usual defaults: 100bd, 115/170/115, Erect ch A, Invert ch B, word interleave ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes on Alphabets - Table 5-G ------------------------------ o ITA2 is also referenced as Murray code. o ITA3 is also called Moore code and each character is defined by the 35 possible combinations of 3 ones and 4 zeros (3:4). 32 are the commonly defined character set and the remaining 3 are for error control and idle. o ITA5 can be referred to as IRA. o ITA5 is the ASCII alphabet and consists of 128 characters, controls, specials, numbers, lower case letters and upper case letters. This alphabet uses up to 7 bits and sometimes includes a 8th bit for parity. o ITA2P is also referenced as ARQ1a by some manufacturers. o ITA2P is 5 bit ITA2 converted to 7. A character is composed of 1 sync bit + 5 bit ITA2 char + parity. Sync bit is always 1 (except for idle and RQ), parity is odd. o BAUER is a 10 bit alphabet, used by AUTOSPEC and SPREAD and is composed of a 5 bit ITA2 char + 5 bits parity. The parity arrangement is selectable and is often encountered with 5 bit ITA2 + 5 bit ITA2 repeated. In the even parity scenario the second 5 bits are inverted. o 16 bit alphabet 0 is a 16 bit alphabet, used only by ROU-FEC 16 bit alphabet 1 is a 16 bit alphabet mod 10, used only by ROU-FEC THESE ALPHABETS ARE LISTED IN Wavecom 4100 literature - no further details. The ROU-FEC alphabet is arranged with a single character length of 16 bits and each 32 bit pattern equals one ITA2 character. Note that the actual ITA2 character bit pattern does not appear in the ROU-FEC character bit pattern. This is because the alphabet is designed to obtain a maximum Hamming distance. o FEC-A uses convolutional error correction with shift register lengths of 72 or 128 bits. Every 2nd bit is used for convolutional error correction making each codeword 14 bits. o With the introduction of the W4100DSP and W41pc, Wavecom has introduced some new alphabets: TASS Cyrillic Bulgarian ASCII Alphabet no. 403 used by Coquelet-8 Alphabets no. 401 and 402 used by Coquelet-13 Alphabets 80S and 82S used by Coquelet-82 o These alphabets are based on ITA2, a 5 bit alphabet. Cyrillic M2 Cyrillic M19 Hebrew Arabic ATU-70 ("Baghdad 70") 4th shift Arabic ATU-80 ("Baghdad 80") 3rd shift Greek 3rd shift Korean 3rd shift Amharic 3rd shift Thai transparent o 3rd shift Japanese is a 6 element code with start and stop signals used in Japan for their national TELEX network. Code Tables B defined as:0/spc/start ----------- Y defined as:1/mrk/stop ITA2 Telex Mil. ITA2P SITOR No. Letter Figure Fig. Fig. ITA2 ARQ1A ITA3 CCIR476 --- ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ------- ------- ------- 1 A - - - YYBBB BYYBBBY BBYYBYB BBBYYYB 2 B ? ? ? YBBYY BYBBYYB BBYYBBY YBYYBBB 3 C : : : BYYYB BBYYYBB YBBYYBB BYBBBYY 4 D $(1) wru $ YBBYB BYBBYBY BBYYYBB BBYYBYB 5 E 3 3 3 YBBBB BYBBBBB BYYYBBB YBBYBYB 6 F %(2) $ ! YBYYB BYBYYBB BBYBBYY BBYBBYY 7 G &(2) & & BYBYY BBYBYYB YYBBBBY BYBYBBY 8 H #(2) # stop BBYBY BBBYBYY YBYBBYB BYYBYBB 9 I 8 8 8 BYYBB BBYYBBY YYYBBBB BYBBYYB 10 J @(3) bell ' YYBYB BYYBYBB BYBBBYY BBBYBYY 11 K ( ( ( YYYYB BYYYYBY BBBYBYY YBBBBYY 12 L ) ) ) BYBBY BBYBBYY YYBBBYB BYBYYBB 13 M . . . BBYYY BBBYYYB YBYBBBY BYYBBBY 14 N , , , BBYYB BBBYYBY YBYBYBB BYYBBYB 15 O 9 9 9 BBBYY BBBBYYY YBBBYYB BYYYBBB 16 P 0 0 0 BYYBY BBYYBYB YBBYBYB BYBBYBY 17 Q 1 1 1 YYYBY BYYYBYY BBBYYBY YBBBYBY 18 R 4 4 4 BYBYB BBYBYBY YYBBYBB BYBYBYB 19 S '(3) ' bell YBYBB BYBYBBY BYBYBYB BBYBYYB 20 T 5 5 5 BBBBY BBBBBYB YBBBYBY YYBYBBB 21 U 7 7 7 YYYBB BYYYBBB BYYBBYB YBBBYYB 22 V = ; ; BYYYY BBYYYYY YBBYBBY YYBBBBY 23 W 2 2 2 YYBBY BYYBBYB BYBBYBY BBBYYBY 24 X / / / YBYYY BYBYYYY BBYBYYB YBYBBBY 25 Y 6 6 6 YBYBY BYBYBYB BBYBYBY BBYBYBY 26 Z +(4) " " YBBBY BYBBBYY BYYBBBY BBYYYBB 27 cr cr cr cr BBBYB BBBBYBB YBBBBYY YYYBBBB 28 lf lf lf lf BYBBB BBYBBBB YBYYBBB YYBBYBB 29 ls ls ls ls YYYYY BYYYYYB BBBYYYB YBYBBYB 30 fs fs fs fs YYBYY BYYBYYY BYBBYYB YBBYBBY 31 sp sp sp sp BBYBB BBBYBBB YYBYBBB YYBBBYB 32 idle(5) BBBBB BBBBBBY BBBBYYY YBYBYBB RQ YYYBBBB BYYBYBB YBBYYBB idle/beta YBBYBBY BYBYBBY BBYYBBY idle/alpha YBBBYYB BYBYYBB BBBBYYY CS1 BYBYYBB CS2 YBYBYBB CS3 BYYBBYB CS4 BYBYBBY CS5 BYYBYBB (1) "Who are you?" or British Pound symbol (2) each country can assign (3) can be switched (4) sometimes " instead of + (5) idle or 3rd shift ITA-5/ASCII/IRA --------------- hex digit 1st--> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 +----------------------------------------- n | 7 B B B B Y Y Y Y B defined as:0/mrk/stop d | 6 B B Y Y B B Y Y Y defined as:1/mrk/stop | | 5 B Y B Y B Y B Y V | 4 3 2 1 bit ordering: 7654321 +----------------------------------------- 0 | B B B B | NUL DLE SPC 0 @ P ` p Special Notes: 1 | B B B Y | SOH DC1 ! 1 A Q a q YYBBBBB 60 - back tic (`) 2 | B B Y B | STX DC2 " 2 B R b r BYBBYYY 27 - single quote (') 3 | B B Y Y | ETX DC3 # 3 C S c s BYBYYBB 2C - comma (,) 4 | B Y B B | EOT DC4 $ 4 D T d t BYBYYBY 2D - minus/dash (-) 5 | B Y B Y | ENQ NAK % 5 E U e u YBYYYYY 5F - underline (_) 6 | B Y Y B | ACK SYN & 6 F V f v YYYYYYB 7E - tilde (~) 7 | B Y Y Y | BEL ETB ' 7 G W g w 8 | Y B B B | BS CAN ( 8 H X h x 9 | Y B B Y | HT EM ) 9 I Y i y A | Y B Y B | LF SUB * : J Z j z B | Y B Y Y | VT ESC + ; K [ k { C | Y Y B B | FF FS , < L \ l | D | Y Y B Y | CR GS - = M ] m } E | Y Y Y B | SO RS . > N ^ n ~ F | Y Y Y Y | SI US / ? O _ o DEL ACK - acknowledge FF - form feed BEL - bell FS - file separator BS - backspace GS - group separator CAN - cancel HT - horizontal tab CR - carriage return LF - line feed DC1 - device control 1 NAK - negative acknowledge DC2 - device control 2 NUL - null DC3 - device control 3 RS - record separator DC4 - device control 4 SI - shift in DEL - delete SO - shift out DLE - data link escape SOH - start of header ENQ - enquiry or WRU SPC - space EM - end of medium STX - start of text EOT - end of transmission SUB - substitute ESC - escape SYN - synchronous idle ETB - end of block US - unit separator ETX - end of text VT - vertical tab References: Wavecom Elektronik AG, Wavcom W4100 product literature Wavecom Elektronik AG, W41PC User Manual and correspondance HOKA Electronics, Code 3 v5.00 decoder manual and correspondance HOKA Electronics, Code 30 v2.00 decoder manual and correspondance Klingenfuss Radioteletype Code Manual, 13th Edition * PRELIM * PRELIM * PRELIM * PRELIM * PRELIM * PRELIM * PRELIM * PRELIM * Crowd-36 Tones and Alphabet - Table 5-H --------------------------------------- tone Freq(Hz) Ch/Fg tone Freq(Hz) Ch/Fg tone Freq(Hz) Ch/Fg ---- -------- ----- ---- -------- ----- ---- -------- ----- 1 -640 unperf 13 -160 G 25 320 D 2 -600 Q 14 -120 T 26 360 I 3 -560 X 15 -80 F 27 400 H 4 -520 W 16 -40 fs 28 440 ls 5 -480 V 17 0 M 29 480 S 6 -440 E 18 40 Y 30 520 O 7 -400 K 19 80 C 31 560 N 8 -360 space 20 120 cr 32 600 - 9 -320 B 21 160 Z 33 640 A 10 -280 R 22 200 U 34 680 P 11 -240 J 23 240 L 35 720 12 -200 ctl 24 280 **** 36 760 ctl - control purposes fs - figure shift ls - letter shift **** - ref tone on 10bd op chat Notes: * This is a preliminary table! * The output of the alphabet in use may vary at customer request. * Watch for tone 24 to stay up before 10bd operator chatter. 5/6 Tone Paging Parameter Tables - Table 5-I -------------------------------------------- European 5/6 tone systems - frequencies in Hz * is Repeat tone --------------------------------------------- = is Group tone CCIR-1/2, CCITT, EIA, NATEL, ZVEI1/2, VDEW and EURO5 are 5 tone, EURO is 6 tone ZVEI DZVEI DDZVEI tone EEA CCIR-1 CCIR-7 ZVEI-1 ZVEI-2 NATEL EURO ----+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ 0 | 1981 | 1981 | 1981 | 2400 | 2200 | 2400 | 1633 | 979.8 | 1 | 1124 | 1124 | 1124 | 1060 | 970 | 1060 | 631 | 903.1 | 2 | 1197 | 1197 | 1197 | 1160 | 1060 | 1160 | 697 | 832.5 | 3 | 1275 | 1275 | 1275 | 1270 | 1160 | 1270 | 770 | 767.4 | 4 | 1358 | 1358 | 1358 | 1400 | 1270 | 1400 | 852 | 707.4 | 5 | 1446 | 1446 | 1446 | 1530 | 1400 | 1530 | 941 | 652 | 6 | 1540 | 1540 | 1540 | 1670 | 1530 | 1670 | 1040 | 601 | 7 | 1640 | 1640 | 1640 | 1830 | 1670 | 1830 | 1209 | 554 | 8 | 1747 | 1747 | 1747 | 2000 | 1830 | 2000 | 1336 | 510.7 | 9 | 1860 | 1860 | 1860 | 2200 | 2000 | 2200 | 1477 | 470.8 | 10/A|=1055 |=2400 |=2400 |=2799.9 | 2599.9 |= 885 | 1633 | 433.9 | 11/B| 930 | 930 | 930 | 810 | 2799.9 | | 600 | 400 | 12/C| 2246.9 | 2246.9 | 2246.9 | 970 | 810 | |=1995 | 368.7 | 13/D| 991 | 991 | 991 | 886 | 886 | | 2205 | 1153.1 | 14/E|*2110 |*2110 |*2110 |*2599.9 |*2400 |* 970 |*1805 |*1062.9 | 15/F| 2400 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | ----+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ 40ms 100ms 70ms 70ms 70ms 70ms 70ms 100ms Tone Duration Reach 11th root of 2 tone EIA MODAT CCITT VDEW Hi Freq Lo Freq ----+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ 0 | 600 | 637.5 | 400 | 2280 | 2400 | 1200 | 1 | 741 | 787.5 | 697 | 370 | 2253 | 1127 | 2 | 882 | 937.5 | 770 | 450 | 2116 | 1058 | 3 | 1023 | 1087.5 | 852 | 550 | 1987 | 993 | 4 | 1164 | 1237.5 | 941 | 675 | 1865 | 933 | 5 | 1305 | 1387.5 | 1209 | 825 | 1751 | 876 | 6 | 1446 | 1537.5 | 1335 | 1010 | 1644 | 822 | 7 | 1587 | 1687.5 | 1477 | 1240 | 1544 | 722 | 8 | 1728 | 1837.5 | 1633 | 1520 | 1450 | 725 | 9 | 1869 | 1987.5 | 1800 | 1860 | 1361 | 681 | 10/A| 2151 | | 1900 | 2000 | | | 11/B| 2432.9 | | 2000 | 2100 | | | 12/C|=2010.1 | | 2100 | 2200 | | | 13/D| 2292 | | 2200 | 2300 | | | 14/E|* 459 |* 487.5 | 2300 | 2400 | | | 15/F| 0 | | 0 | 0 | | | ----+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ 33ms 40ms 100ms 100ms 40ms 40ms Tone Duration EEA - Electronic Engineering Association, UK CCIR - Comite Consultatif International de Radio ZVEI - Zentralverband der Electrotechnischen Industrie, West Germany DZVEI - Depressed ZVEI DDZVEI - Double Depressed ZVEI NATEL - Scandinavian National Telephone Euro - 6 tone Hi power AM paging in ECPT countries. EIA - Electronics Industries Association, US - Motorola Metropage MODAT - Motorola 7 tone ANI Status System REACH - 2 to 5 tone selective call, ANI ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Section 6. What decoders are available. This section will list most known units with information collected from a variety of open sources. They range from the professional high end units, through the hobbiest units, down to the public domain units. This grouping is purely the opinion of the compiler and is not meant to disparage any man- ufacturer. A professional unit is a unit that covers many modes, includes sophisticated analysis tools, and probably costs a lot of money. These units represent the cutting edge in decoder technology. At this time we group Hoka, Wavecom and Universal as professional units. The hobbiest units are those units that include the most common modes, some tools for analysis and are a little more affordable. Public domain units are self explanatory but non the less valu- able as a stepping stone to a more sophisticated unit if you find the area of signals analysis intriguing. An attempt is made to completely list the complete capabilities and features of the professional units based on the latest literature from the manu- facturers. This is done because they provide the most for the money. In the hobby units, an attempt is made to provide hilites for each unit. Keep in mind that it is impossible to own or test all the units mentioned here - nor would you want to. Many units provide the same capability and similiar tools and the decision to buy one unit over another will probably come down to cost. Another question to consider is whether or not "hobbiest" units can really be considered serious units for monitoring? If you have the desire to ferret out and identify digital signals then these units will have a high frustration factor because they don't include the wide selection of modes currently on the air or the necessary tools to analyse a signal. If some military, marine, or amateur monitoring is what you are looking for then these units can be a cost effective selection. FAX and SSTV units are not covered in this document. Instead check out one of the best FAX/SSTV references on the net: http://www.hffax.de/ This page is maintained by Marius Rensen and covers FAX technology, FAX transmission schedules and decoders. This page also includes SSTV related programs. See the SSTV information in Section 1-F of this document for other net resources. Specifically this section covers the following data decoders: Professional/Semi Pro Units Manufacturer/Distributor ---------------------------- ------------------------ Code 3, Code 3 Gold Hoka new Code 3 Gold Professional Hoka new Code 30A, Code 300A Hoka new Code 300-32 Hoka W4010 Wavecom W4050DSP Wavecom W4100DSP Wavecom new W51PC, W51LAN Wavecom new W41PC Mark II, W41USB Wavecom W40PC Wavecom new SCS PTC IIex SCS Special Communications Systems new SCS PTC IIpro SCS Special Communications Systems M8000v7.5 Universal new Timewave DSP-599zx Timewave Decoder/Receiver Control Manufacturer Software ---------------------------- ------------- new Hamscope new MixW new Radiocom 5.1 Computer International Inc. new Winradio Universal FSK Decoder Winradio new Winradio Digital Suite Winradio new Mscan Meteo Pro Combi Tech International The following listing shows the units for which no current information has been found. They may show up on the used market, and references are included where available. Amateur Radio/Hobby Units ------------------------- Unit/Software Company ============= ======= AEA PK232 series Advanced Electronics Applications Company folded in 1996; now sold under the Timewave label AEA DSP232 Advanced Electronics Applications discontinued AEA DSP2232 Advanced Electronics Applications discontinued AEA PK900 Advanced Electronics Applications discontinued, but upgrade program mentioned on Timewave web site ERA Microreader ERA out of business Franklin Converter Logic Limited out of production? Kantronics KAM+ Kantronics superceded by KAM98 KAM98 Kantronics superceded by KAM XL Mode Master Lowe out of production? MCL 1100 Momentum Communications out of business Personal Code Microcraft Corporation out of production? Explorer The following units were, at one time, all sold by Universal Radio. Please see this URL for further information: http://www.universal-radio.com/catalog/decoders/rttymods.pdf M-200F M400 M600 M600A M900 M1000 M1200 M6000 These are units currently in production: Unit Manufacturer/Distributor ---- ------------------------ BMK-MULTY v3.43 G4BMK P38 (internal DSP) HAL DXP38 (external DSP) HAL DSP4100 (internal) HAL PCI4100 (external) HAL new KAM-XL Kantronics new MFJ1213 MFJ MFJ1214PC MFJ new MFJ1224 MFJ new MFJ1225 MFJ new MFJ1276 MFJ MFJ1278B data controller MFJ PC HF Facsimile V 8.0 Software Systems Consulting new Tigertronics BP-2M Tigertronics new Timewave PK232DSP/PSK31 Timewave new M8000 Universal Self Contained Units Manufacturer/Distributor -------------------- ------------------------ new M450 Universal new AOR TDF-370 Universal MFJ-462B MultiReader MFJ new AOR ARD-2 Universal (recently marked as 'discontinued') Public Domain/Shareware ----------------------- Hamcomm RadioRaft new XPERTA new JVComm32 new Terman 93 new Meteoware new Intercom new MMTTY new TrueTTY new SeaTTY new MultiPSK new Skysweeper new Multimode Selected Soundcard Interfaces ----------------------------- Rigblaster/Nomic Tigertronics Signalink Windows SSTV VOX Controller Rascal/Rascal Isolated MFJ-1275/1275M MFJ-1279/1279M/1279T Donner's Digital Interfaces Terminal Node Controller/Demodulator Support Programs ----------------------------------------------------- DOS Programs ------------ Copycat Pro 2.1 NCPlus NCPtc2 NCTerm XPCom XPDual XPKam XPPci XPPtc Windows Programs ---------------- Airmail 2000 Alpha DSP-Rtty DSRTTY-Win Easyterm KAGold M7KTerm Multicomm NCW95pk NCWinptc Pakterm PKGold PKTerm RCKrtty Winptc2 XPWare Linux Programs ---------------- KTPC2 DSP Audio Programs ------------------ Analyzer 2000 Audacity Chromasound Diamond Cut Five/Live DSPFilter Echofilter GNASP1 Hamalyzer Spectra Plus Spectran Spectrogram SR5 Other programs can be found here: http://www.csun.edu/~vfeen0br/johnpage/rttysoft.html http://www2.ari.net/ajr/rtty/ (requires purchase of disks) http://home.wanadoo.nl/nl9222/software.htm http://www.tigertronics.com/bay_soft.htm http://www.tigertronics.com/sl_soft.htm Many new decoding packages have become available that accept audio into a soundcard. Unfortunatly, due to the many-and sometimes conflicting-standards for 'Soundblaster' compatible cards, some software will work, while others will not. Still, the list of soundcard-compatible software continues to grow. A very good listing of these packages can be found here: http://www.muenster.de/~welp/sb.htm Section 6-D includes information on some of the more popular soundcard interfaces. Persons interested in whether the interface will work with the software they select should check these websites or write to the individual involved to see if it will work before purchasing. In recent years, 2 modes - ALE and HF ACARS (also referred to as PC-HFDL) have become more readily decodable thanks to work by Charles Brain of Great Britian. ALE is often used by the military and some diplomatic stations. For more information on ALE, see: http://www.chbrain.dircon.co.uk/pcale.html Charles has also written software that will copy a relativly new mode known as HFDL. This is actually a series of protocols used by the military and aviation industries. Charles' version copies the protocol used by the airlines to report aircraft positions, statuses and other information to ground stations. You can download both the freeware and commercial versions of this software (called PC-HFDL) here: http://www.chbrain.dircon.co.uk/pchfdl.html =============================================================================== 6-A. PROFESSIONAL/SEMI PRO UNITS =============================================================================== 6-A.1 HOKA Decoders Decoder: Code 3 NOTE: Supported, but no longer in development, per their web page URL: http://www.hoka.net/old_product/code3/code3uk.htm Level: Comprehensive, sophisticated decoder for Experts Synopsis: The Hoka Code 3 comes in two parts: an interface box which connects to a free serial port of an IBM compatible PC, and the software itself, on a 1.44Mb 3.5 inch PC diskette. The hardware interface box now contains a software controlled filter which improves decoding performance over the previous version (v4). Bandpass filter is automatically controlled in center frequency and bandwidth for optimum setting depending on the decoding module, baud speed and shift setting. The decoder is implemented entirely in software which makes it extremely powerful together with a wealth of analysis tools, most of which are also included as standard. This is probably the most powerful decoder for its price. The user has practically complete control over all important parameters for each mode decoded. Exotic data systems are available as optional software modules, at extra cost. Comprehensive on-screen diagnostics and system information are shown for each mode decoded. Each module is chosen from a simple menu system with one-key commands to set or change system parameters. There is even an optional module (Auto Classification) which will measure the system's baud speed and shift parameters, analyse the bit pattern and jump into the correct decoding module for the received data system! Full Synoptic decoding of meteo AAXX and BBXX codes is also available as an option. Modes Decoded: ARQ6-70 ARQ6-90 & 98 ARQ-E ARQ-N ARQ-E3 ARQ-M2-242/2 ch CCIR242 ARQ-M4-242/4 ch CCIR242 (Part of ARQ-M2-242 module) ARQ-M2-342/2 ch CCIR342-2 ARQ-S/SI-ARQ ASCII (ITA-5/IRA) AUTOSPEC Baudot RTTY with Auto speed determination COQUELET Mk I (13 tone) (Option "Specials") COQUELET Mk II (8 tone) (Option "Specials") CW with Auto speed determination (uses "Farnsworth" method) DUP-ARQ ARTRAC Mark 1 and 2 FAX 60, 90, 120, 240 LPM: 288, 352, 576 IOC B/W & 16 shade FEC-A (with Error correction enabled) FEC-100, FEC-101 (Option "Specials") GMDSS/DSC (Option "Specials") HC-ARQ (Option "Specials") HELLSCHREIBER HNG-FEC (Option "Specials") AX.25 Packet 300 Baud PACTOR, including ICRC and UNHCR variants PICCOLO Mark VI (Option "Specials") POL-ARQ ROU-FEC/RUM-FEC (Option "Specials") SI-FEC/FEC-S SITOR-A SITOR-B SPREAD 11, 21, 51 (built into AUTOSPEC module) SWED-ARQ/ARQ-SWED SYNOP 'AAXX' and 'BBXX' decoding (Option "SYNOP") TORG-10 & 11 (Option "Specials") TWINPLEX Analysis Tools: Frequency Spectrum Frequency Scope Auto Classification Extras Required: IBM Compatible PC (80286 or better) Mono or Colour Monitor 1 free serial port (for LF3 Interface connection) Supplier: (US) Computer Aided Technologies, PO Box 18292, Shreveport, LA 71138, USA Tel: 318 636 1234 email: scancat@scancat.com http://www.scancat.com (NL) Hoka Electronics, Flessingsterrein 13, NL-9665, BZ Oude Pekela, Netherlands Tel: +31 5978 12327 email: info@hoka.com -------------------- Decoder: Code 3 Gold NOTE: Supported, but no longer in development, per their web page URL: http://www.hoka.net/old_product/code3gold/code3golduk.htm Level: Intermediate Synopsis: The Code 3 Gold is the latest incarnation of the capable Code 3 decoder software. Arriving in a newly repackaged interface, now fitting into a dongle stlye standard RF shielded serial connector. This interface needs no external power supply, with all power coming directly from the PC serial port. Both 9 pin and 25 pin serial connectors are supported. For Windows 3.1 users, the software will run in a DOS Window. This package is aimed at those who wish to decode the systems found on the HF and VHF airwaves but if you want to get into the underlying details you will find that only the basic analysis tools are included. Modes Decoded: Basic Code3 Gold handles many VHF systems and the more common HF systems. This includes Packet (300+1200), Baudot, Ascii, Hellschreiber, Sitor ARQ/FEC, Pactor1 thru 5, Fax (FM and AM Meteosat) and SSTV (Martin 1 only). The "full version" includes: Annex10, Hell, Morse, ARQ-S, ARQ-SWE, ARQ-E, ARQ-M2/4 (CCIR242/CCIR342), ARQ-N, ARQ-6, ARQ-E3, POL-ARQ, Twinplex, Artrac, F7BBN Baudot Twinplex,GTOR, FEC-A, FEC-S, Autospec, Spread, HC-ARQ, TORG10/11, ROU-FEC, HNG-FEC, Coq8/13, Piccolo Mk6, GMDSS/DSC and SYNOP (AAXX/ BBXX with 10,000 stations) Analysis Tools: Audio Spectrum Analyzer Auto Classification Ad Storage Scope ASCII save to disk Alphabets: International US Military Nat.Scandinavian Greek3 shift M19 Cyrillic and Latin M2 Cyrillic and Latin Amateur upper/lower cases Extras Required: PC 486 or better HIGHLY recommended. VGA supported (SVGA supported with Tseng ET4000) Runs in a DOS box under Win9x (Pentium 100 or better). Supplier: (US) Computer Aided Technologies, PO Box 18292, Shreveport, LA 71138, USA Tel: 318 636 1234 email: scancat@scancat.com http://www.scancat.com (NL) Hoka Electronics, Flessingsterrein 13, NL-9665, BZ Oude Pekela, Netherlands Tel: +31 5978 12327 email: info@hoka.com ------------------------------ Decoder: Code 3 Gold Professional NOTE: Supported, but no longer in development, per their web page URL: http://www.hoka.net/old_product/code3goldpro/code3goldprouk.htm Level: Intermediate Synopsis: This version is very similar to Code 3 Gold, but adds new analysis tools. It also includes new auto tune and classify modules Modes Decoded: ASCII ITA5, 45 - 2400 Baud Baudot ITA2 Morse CW Sitor Auto A/B Sitor with auto-detect. A / B Mode ARQ CCIR 625 A FEC CCIR 625 B Pactor 1-7 Packet Radio AX 25 HF 300/1200 Baud Hellscreiber HFDL aka HF ACARS Facsimile AM/FM SSTV Martin 1 mode Slow Scan TeleVision PICCOLO MK VI MFSK 6 tones ITA2 PICCOLO MK VI MFSK 12 tones ITA5 COQUELET 8 MFSK 8 tones ITA2 COQUELET 13 MFSK 13 tones ITA5 CROWD 36 / CIS 36 MFSK 36 tones PSK 31 Annex 10 Aereo Selcall HF AUTOSPEC FEC 68.5 e 137 Baud Bauer alphabet SPREAD 11 21 51 ARQ 6 70 CCIR 476 alphabet ITA3 ARQ 6 90/98 CCIR 476 Variant CCIR 476 ARQ E ARQ N ARQ E3 CCIR 519 ARQ S ARQ 1000 S ARQ SWE with 3/9/22 crc ARQ POL DUP ARQ HC ARQ RAC-ARQ/Merod RS-ARQ / ALIS 228.5 Baud RS-ARQ II / Merlin / ALIS II 240 Baud CIS 14 / AMOR 8181 TOR G10-11 / CIS 11 GTOR GMDSS DSC Baudot F7B 2ch ITA2 F7b TWINPLEX ARQ F7b1 - F7b6 EC A FEC 100 FEC S FEC 1000 S HNG FEC ROU FEC TDM ARQ 342 1/2/4 ch TDM ARQ 242 1/2/4 ch DCF 77 Dirty Sitor A FEC 100 RAW FEC 100 Interleave WX decoder meteo SYNOP AAXX and BBXX from Baudot, ARQ-E3, TORG 10-11 / CIS11 Analysis Tools: Shift Speed Measurement Power Spectrum 0 a 4 kHz, with ZOOM 1 +- 1000 Hz e ZOOM 2 +- 500 Hz Waterfall Display 0 - 4 kHz, with ZOOM AD Spectrum with ZOOM 1 and ZOOM 2 Oscilloscope Oscilloscope XY AD Scope Oscilloscope AFP Amplitude, Frequency, Phase Phase Plane Correlation MOD Correlatin Bit Speed Measurement Mark / Space Speed Measurement Preset Speed Bit Analysis Bit Analysis Characters Analysis Duplex Characters Analysis Simplex Auto-Classification Demodulator Bit Buffer (DOS only) Alphabets: International ITA 2 US MIL National Scandinavian GREEK 3 Shift Hebrew M19 Cyrillic M19 Latin M2 3 Shift Cyrillic M2 3 Shift Latin Arabic 70 Arabic 70 Latin Arabic 80 Arabic 80 Latin Amateur Upper/Lower Extras Required: PC 486 or better HIGHLY recommended. VGA supported (SVGA supported with Tseng ET4000) Runs in a DOS box under Win9x (Pentium 100 or better). Supplier: (US) Computer Aided Technologies, PO Box 18292, Shreveport, LA 71138, USA Tel: 318 636 1234 email: scancat@scancat.com http://www.scancat.com (NL) Hoka Electronics, Flessingsterrein 13, NL-9665, BZ Oude Pekela, Netherlands Tel: +31 5978 12327 email: info@hoka.com ------------------------------- Decoder: Code 30A URL: http://www.hoka.net/old_product/code30/code30uk.htm NOTE: Supported, but no longer in development, per their web page Level: Comprehensive, VERY sophisticated decoder for Experts Synopsis: This is the new version of Code 30 with a different PC card. It is now DSP driven, with matched filters for PCs Modes Decoded: ARINC ANNEX10 Selcal (aircraft selcals) ARQ6-70 ARQ6-90 & 98 ARQ-E ARQ-N (built info ARQ-E module)/ARQ1000D ARQ-E3 ARQ-M2-242/2 ch CCIR242 ARQ-M4-242/4 ch CCIR242 (Part of ARQ-M2-242 module) ARQ-M2-342/2 ch CCIR342-2 ARQ-M4-342/4 ch CCIR342-2 (Part of ARQ-M2-242 module) ARQ-S/SI-ARQ ASCII (ITA-5/IRA) AUTOSPEC (also all SPREADs) Baudot RTTY with Auto speed determination Baudot F7BBN RTTY with Auto speed determination COQUELET Mk I (13 tone) COQUELET Mk II (8 tone) COQUELET-8 FEC CW with Auto speed determination (uses "Farnsworth" method) DUP-ARQ ARTRAC FAX 60, 90, 120, 240 LPM: 288, 352, 576 IOC B/W and 256 shade at 1024x768. Also Meteosat AM demod. FEC-A (with Error correction enabled) FEC-A RAW (no Error correction) GMDSS/DSC HC-ARQ HELLSCHREIBER HNG-FEC AX.25 Packet 300 and 1200 Baud PACTOR, including ICRC and UNHCR variants PICCOLO Mark VI POL-ARQ ROU-FEC/RUM-FEC SI-FEC/FEC-S SITOR-A SITOR-A RAW SITOR-B SPREAD 11, 21, 51 (built into AUTOSPEC module) SWED-ARQ/ARQ-SWED TIME (DCF77) - set PC date/time to DCF77 time. TORG-10 & 11 TWINPLEX HFDL (otherwise known as HF ACARS) MS5/Fire Crowd36 RAC-ARQ/MEROD MIL-188-141A ALE 8181 AMOR96 FEC100A/101 GTOR Num13 PSK31 RS-ARQ 228,240 SKYFAX SYNOP SSTV Martin 1 Demodulators: OOK, BFSK, MFSK, 2DPSK, FEK (4,6,8,13 Tones), 4DPSK Analysis Tools: Signal Spectrum "Analyser" with high precision Baud Rate and Shift measurement Audio Oscilloscope with zoom function Waterfall Auto Correlation Bit/Mod functions Speed Bit Phase display Alphabets (ITA2 variants): Standard International US Military M19 Cyrillic (Optional) M19 Latinized (Optional) M2 3rd Shift Cyrillic (Optional) M2 3rd Shift Latinized (Optional) Hebrew (Optional) Arabic ATU-70 (Optional) Arabic ATU-70 Latinized (Optional) Arabic ATU-80 4th shift (Optional) Arabic ATU-80 4th shift Latinized (Optional) Farsi (Optional) Extras Required: IBM Compatible PC (486 clone running 25 mhz or better) AT style half size slot Mono or Colour Monitor Supplier: (NL) Hoka Electronics, Flessingsterrein 13, NL-9665, BZ Oude Pekela, Netherlands Tel: +31 5978 12327 email: info@hoka.com ------------------------------- Decoder: Code 300A NOTE: Supported, but no longer in development, per their web page URL: http://www.hoka.net/old_product/code300/code300uk.htm Level: Comprehensive, VERY sophisticated decoder for Experts Synopsis: This module is unique in that it is fully remote- controllable, allowing for up to 16 seperate monitoring stations at the same time. The software can be configured easily as a 'master', 'slave' or 'standalone'. It is mounted in a special unit which can be fitted in a 19 inch rack and runs under a true 32 bit DSP processing system. Multitasking under Win9x is available. Modes Decoded: All modes available under Code30A Demodulators: Same as Code 30A Analysis Tools: Same as Code 30A plus: AFP Scope Straddle Eye Diagram LMS Audio Record Alphabets: Same as Code 30A above, except that alphabets marked optional are standard here. Included are National Scandinavian, Greek and Amateur upper/lower case. Extras Required: Video Monitor, Keyboard, Power supply (Euro standard), RS232 for up to 16 stations which can be controlled at once, audio patches for each unit Supplier: (NL) Hoka Electronics, Flessingsterrein 13, NL-9665, BZ Oude Pekela, Netherlands Tel: +31 5978 12327 email: info@hoka.com ------------------------------- Decoder: Code 300-32 URL: http://www.hoka.net/code300-32/code300-32.htm Level: Comprehensive, VERY sophisticated decoder for Experts Synopsis: This module runs in a true 32 bit environment, with full multitasking. Instead of using a dedicated dongle, it uses the sound card for input. The software is DSP driven. Multi channel recording (even as a standard .wav file) is available. Up to 256 decoders are supported, networked by TCP/IP. Control via Internet or an Intranet is supported. Modes Decoded: All modes available under Code30A except Amor96, Fec101, Dup-ARQ Additional Modes: ARQ 625 FEC 625 BEE36-50 CIS11 FEC 100 (Dirty/Interleave/Raw modes) IRQ-ARQ Mil188-110 (39 tone/Serial) Pactor 2 R37 RS-ARQ1,2 (5/7/8 bit) STANAG 4285, 4529 8129 405 391 Demodulators: DSP driven, internal to the PC Analysis Tools: AD FFT AD Oscilloscope Auto Classifications Bitstream output EYE Pattern Hard Disk Recording Graphical Squelch Oscilloscope digital Oscilloscope AFP Oscilloscope XY Phase Plane Phase Scope Phase Spectrum Shift Speed Measurement Waterfall Waterfall + sonogram Extras Required: PC running Win 98, 2000, NT4 or XP Supplier: (NL) Hoka Electronics, Flessingsterrein 13, NL-9665, BZ Oude Pekela, Netherlands Tel: +31 5978 12327 email: info@hoka.com ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-A.2 Wavecom Decoders Decoder: WaveCom W4010 NOTE: No longer in production URL: http://www.wavecom.ch Level: Comprehensive, intermediate level decoder Synopsis: The first comprehensive decoder for the amateur as well as professional user. Now being phased out in favour of the more up-to-date W4050 but still widely available on the second hand market. Again, a self-contained unit requiring a composite monitor for the control, and incoming text displays. Like its W4100 bigger brother, this decoder again sports just about every mode that is in regular use on HF plus a good array of analysis tools. Software and modes decoded are held in a number of EPROMs contained in the machine, making for simple update. Modes Decoded: Baudot RTTY Auto speed determination CW Auto speed determination SITOR-A SITOR-B ASCII (ITA-5/IRA) SI-ARQ FEC-A SI-FEC AUTOSPEC SWED-ARQ ARQ-E ARQ-E3 POL-ARQ ARQ-M2 ARQ-M4 AX.25 Packet 300 and 1200 Baud FAX 60, 90, 120, 240 LPM: 288, 352, 576 IOC Analysis Tools: Speed/Baudrate Determination IAS Baudrate determination Shift Measurement System Alphabet and Bit analysis Unshift On Space (UOS) Multiple Scroll Inhibit Extras Required: Composite Video Monitor Supplier: WaveCom Nachrichtentechnik AG, Badenerstrasse 122, CH-8434, Kaiserstuhl, Switzerland. Tel: 1858 0200 ------------------- Decoder: WaveCom W4050DSP NOTE: No longer in production URL: http://www.wavecom.ch Level: Comprehensive, VERY sophisticated decoder for Experts Synopsis: Full use is be made of Digital Signal Processing technology allowing for the decoding of traditional and more complex systems like DPSK, QPSK, etc. Has a very powerful suite of analysis tools and modes that can be decoded. HP and Epson Printer drivers are available. Many VHF modes are also supported. Modes Decoded: ALE (HF) ARQ-E ARQ-E3 ARQ-M2-242 and 342 ARQ-M4-242 and 342 ARQ-N ARQ-6-90 ARQ-6-98 ASCII AUTOSPEC Baudot RTTY BULG ASCII CIS-11 CIS-14 CIS-36 COQUELET 8 COQUELET 16 COQUELET 30 CW DGPS DUP-ARQ DUP-ARQ2 DUP-FEC2 FEC-A FELDHELL G-TOR GMDSS/DSC HC-ARQ HNG-FEC PACKET 300/600/1200 PACTOR 1-6 PICCOLO MK.6 PICCOLO MK.12 POL-ARQ PRESS-FAX PSK31 RUM-FEC SI-ARQ SI-AUTO SI-FEC SITOR-ARQ SITOR-AUTO SITOR-FEC SPREAD 11,21,31 SSTV MODES: Martin 1-4 Scottie 1-4 SC 1/16/32 Robot 8/12/24/36 Wraase SC1 24,48,96 Wraase SC2 30,60,120,180 SWED-ARQ TWINPLEX WEATHER FAX Alphabets: ITA-1 Latin 5 bit ITA-2 Latin 5 bit ITA-2 Latin 5 bit transparent ITA-2 Cyrillic ITA-2 Danish/Norwegian ITA-2 Swedish Baghdad70 Arabic Baghdad80 Arabic Cyrillic, Third Shift and TASS Greek, Third Shift US ASCII German ASCII Danish/Norwegian ASCII Swedish ASCII Bulgarian ASCII SITOR 7 bit ARQ1A Bauer HNG-FEC RUM-FEC Latin and Cyrillic Morse Analysis Tools: Real Time FFT with adjustable cursors FFT bandwidths of 24khz, 4khz, 1khz, 500 hz FFT averaging 1-64 4 FFT windows available Real Time Waterfall, Sonogram and Oscilloscope The following analysis are available with full graphical display and cursors: HF/VHF/UHF baudrate HF/VHF/UHF shift DPSK/BPSK/QPSK bitrate measurement DPSK/BPSK/QPSK phase plane display Baudrate and shift resolution Autocorrelation bit length and x-y zoom Bit Analysis Raw FSK analysis HF MSK analysis VHF/UHF selcall analysis F7B analysis Hardware/Firmware Differences with the W4100DSP: uses a 13.5 vDC 1.3 amp supply has no DSP receiver interface 21.4 MHz IF input an option Firmware updates available via download Extras Required: VGA or Multisync 640X480 resolution Supplier: WaveCom Nachrichtentechnik AG, Badenerstrasse 122, CH-8434, Kaiserstuhl, Switzerland. Tel: 1858 0200 -------------------- Decoder: WaveCom W4100DSP NOTE: No longer in production URL: http://www.wavecom.ch Level: Comprehensive, VERY sophisticated decoder for Experts Synopsis: VERY similar to the W4050DSP as detailed above, with some minor hardware and firmware differences. HP and Epson Printer drivers are available. Modes Decoded: All modes detailed for the W4050DSP but includes PCM30/E1 Alphabets: Same as the W4050DSP Analysis Tools: Identical to the W4050DSP mentioned above Hardware/Firmware Differences with the W4050DSP: uses a 220 V Euro plug (110 VAC option) RACAL SSI DSP receiver interface 21.4 MHz IF input available standard Software updates by floppy Extras Required: VGA or Multisync Monitor 640X480 resolution Supplier: WaveCom Nachrichtentechnik AG, Badenerstrasse 122, CH-8434, Kaiserstuhl, Switzerland. Tel: 1858 0200 -------------------- Decoder: WaveCom W51pc, W51Lan URL: http://www.wavecom.ch/HTML/w51pc.htm W51Lan URL: http://www.wavecom.ch/HTML/w51LAN.htm Level: Comprehensive, VERY sophisticated decoder for Experts Synopsis: The W51PC is a next generation board of the W41PC class. The board contains more on-board memory and requires a 32 bit PCI bus. This makes the board faster and more flexible than the W41PC. A 21.4 Mhz IF output is standard, not optional as it is with the other boards in this class. The W51Lan can be used in LAN applications, mobile or portable. It is enclosed in a shielded metallic box and will interface with Windows XP or third party software such as Shoc RSM (c). It has the same capabilities as W51PC, except that it has its own operating system, complete with hard drive and running on Windows XP Modes Decoded: All modes listed for W4050 except Coquelet 16, 30, Spread 31 additional modes: CCIR-1, 7 CIS-36 Coquelet 13, 80 FM-Hell MFSK-8, 16 Mil 188-110A Mil 188-110B Pactor (Globe Wireless version) Clover (Globe Wireless version) Pactor 7,8 Pactor II 1-8 Pactor2 Fec 1-8 PSK125F, PSK63F Spread 51 SSTV SC-1 8s and Automatic STANAG 4285, 4415, 4529, 4539, 5066 Alphabets: All characters sets included in W4050 Additional character sets; ITA5-French ITA2-Hebrew 5 bit Greek Morse Arabic Morse Hebrew Morse Wavecom Unicode format Analysis Tools: Same as those found on W40PC, but all FFT functions limited to a max bandwidth of 192 khz. In addition a code analysis function is available. Extras Required: (W51PC) Pentium 200 Mhz Windows machine, min 800x600 resolution (W51Lan) System contains Pentium 800 Mhz Windows XP machine, 256 MB RAM, 20 GB Drive, triple 10/100 Ethernet, 1 Serial, 2 USB, SVGA video, adaptor for 9-32 VDC, 100-230 VAC. A Windows XP or similar PC is required, or third party software such as Shoc RSM (c) Supplier: WaveCom Nachrichtentechnik AG, Hammerstrasse 8, CH-8180, Buelach, Switzerland. Tel: +41 1 872 70 60 Klingenfuss Publication, Hagenloher Str. 14 D-72070 Tuebingen, Germany. Tel: +49 7071 62830 info: http://www.klingenfuss.org email: klingenfuss@compuserve.com -------------------- Decoder: WaveCom W41pc Mark II W41USB URL: http://www.wavecom.ch/w41pc.htm W41USB URL: http://www.wavecom.ch/HTML/w41usb.htm Level: Comprehensive, VERY sophisticated decoder for Experts Synopsis: The W41pc is a DSP based plug-in card for the IBM PC and uses the windows front-end to drive the board under Win95 or NT 95. Simultaneous operation of up to 8 cards is supported allowing for the monitoring of up to 8 different transmissions on the same PC. Decoding of over 50 modes spanning the HF, VHF, UHF and SHF is supported. Remote control is supported thru a combination of software from SHOC (Radio Manager) and Klingenfuss (frequency database). The W41PC has the added capability of supporting the development of unique decode modes. The W41PC source code (available to official organizations or other authorized users) allows complete control over all parameters. NOTE: Various Windows and PC printer drivers are available. W41USB is for notebooks with USB port. Modes Decoded: All modes available in the W4050 except Coquelet 16,30, Packet 600, Spread 31 Additional Modes: Mil 188-141A Coquelet 13, 80 Pactor II Spread 51 Alphabets: All character sets included in W4050, except; ITA-2 Danish, Norwegian, Swedish Ascii in German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Bulgarian Additional character sets; ITA3 7 bit ITA5 7 bit Ascii Hebrew 5 bit Transparent 5 bit Greek Morse Arabic Morse Hebrew Morse Anaylsis Tools: All of the tools found on W40PC, with these additions; FFT Sonogram, Spectrum combined Selcall Analysis Extras Required: Pentium 200 Mhz Windows machine, min 800x600 resolution Requires a 16 bit ISA slot. Supplier: WaveCom Nachrichtentechnik AG, Hammerstrasse 8, CH-8180, Buelach, Switzerland. Tel: +41 1 872 70 60 Klingenfuss Publication, Hagenloher Str. 14 D-72070 Tuebingen, Germany. Tel: +49 7071 62830 info: http://www.klingenfuss.org email: klingenfuss@compuserve.com -------------------- Decoder: WaveCom W40pc URL: http://www.wavecom.ch/w40pc.htm Level: Comprehensive, VERY sophisticated decoder for Experts Synopsis: The W40pc is a DSP based plug-in card for the IBM PC and uses the windows front-end to drive the board under Win95 or NT 95. Simultaneous operation of up to 8 cards is supported allowing for the monitoring of up to 8 different transmissions on the same PC. Decoding of over 50 modes spanning the HF, VHF, UHF and SHF is supported. Remote control is supported thru a combination of software from SHOC (Radio Manager) and Klingenfuss (frequency database). The W41PC has the added capability of supporting the development of unique decode modes. The W41PC source code (available to official organizations or other authorized users) allows complete control over all parameters. Modes Decoded: All modes that the W4050 except Packet 600, Spread 31, Coquelet 16, 30 Additional Modes: Packet 9600 Pactor II HFDL (HF-Acars) Alphabets: Same character set as W41PC Analysis Tools: FFT real time spectrum, waterfall, sonagram Real Time oscilliscope FSK Shift and baudrate measurement PSK Symbol rate and phase plane MFSK analysis HF code analysis High precision baudrate Autocorrelation Bit length analysis Bit correlation Extras Required: Pentium 200 Mhz Windows machine, min 800x600 resolution Requires a 16 bit ISA slot Supplier: WaveCom Nachrichtentechnik AG, Hammerstrasse 8, CH-8180, Buelach, Switzerland. Tel: +41 1 872 70 60 Klingenfuss Publication, Hagenloher Str. 14 D-72070 Tuebingen, Germany. Tel: +49 7071 62830 info: http://www.klingenfuss.org email: klingenfuss@compuserve.com ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-A.3 SCS Decoders Decoder: SCS PTC-IIex SCS PTC-IIPro URL: http://www.scs-ptc.com/news.html Description: Professional/DSP modem for PACTOR II and other modes. The de facto standard for Airmail and other Pactor-based mailboxes. Modems will support packet radio up to 19200 baud with no additional hardware. Optional PACTOR III support. The Pro version adds a GPS interface for NMEA data, integrated RS232/TTL interface, and a TCXO for added stability at higher baud rates. Synopsis: The newest version of the PTC decoder, it can handle the newest versions of PACTOR and is backward compatible with older PACTOR versions. 1 HF port and 2 VHF/UHF packet ports are available. Transceiver control for Icom, Kenwood, SGC, R&S and Yaesu and others are available thru a seperate port. This unit utilizes a true 32 bit system using a Motorola RISC unit. Firmware updates are available free and can be downloaded from the website. Modes Decoded: See http://www.scs-ptc.com/software.html for information Analysis Tools: LED Indicators for Idle, connection type, compression and packet status with PTT shown on front panel, along with a series of tuning LEDs. Extras Required: Compatible transceiver, such as those from Icom, Kenwood, Yaesu, SGC and others. See the website for more information. Supplier: SCS Special Communications Systems Roentgenstrasse 36 D-63454 Hanau Germany Phone: +49 6181 23368 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-A.4 Universal Decoders Decoder: Universal M8000 (version 7.5) URL: http://www.universal-radio.com/catalog/decoders/0087.html Level: Professional-grade, sophisticated decoder for Experts Synopsis: Stand-alone decoder much used by professional and semi-professional monitoring agencies around the world. Decodes just about anything that you'll hear on VHF or HF, but not quite in the same league as the Hoka PC-based systems or the Wavecom family. Can be fully controlled by a computer or terminal. Ten memories can be used to store favourite operating settings. Housed in a standard 19 inch rack mount cabinet. Modes Decoded: Baudot RTTY 20 to 250 Baud, auto speed determination CW (auto speed determination) SITOR-A SITOR-B ASCII (ITA-5/IRA) 75, 110, 150, 300, 600, 1200 Baud VFT (FDM) 8, 12, 16, or 24 channels Piccolo 6 tone ARQ-M2 86, 96, 100 Baud ARQ-M4 172, 192, 200 Baud ARQ-E 48, 64, 72, 86, 96, 144, 192 Baud ARQ-E3 48, 64, 72, 86, 96, 100, 192, 200 Baud ARQ-S 4, 5, 6, 7 character blocks ARQ-6-90 200 Baud SWED-ARQ 3, 9, 22 character blocks FEC-A 96, 144, 192 Baud FEC-S 96, 100, 144, 192, 200 Baud FAX 60, 90, 120, 240 LPM: 288 or 576 IOC AX.25 Packet 300, 1200 baud PACTOR 100, 200 Baud PACKET (w/pass-all packets) POL-ARQ GMDSS Analysis Tools: Third shift Cyrillic alphabet can be printed on-screen. Literal mode printing of data received, databit mode, auto baudrate, tuning and shift determination. Start printer when upto 3 matching selcalls are received. On-screen tuning scope. Screen print and screen saver. Multi-channel ARQ surveillance function. Signal spectrum display. User settable signal filters. Multiple scroll inhibit and Unshift on Space. Built-in self test functions. Display has on-screen tuning bars and real-time clock. Extras Required: VGA colour monitor (640x860 resolution or better) Graphics compatible parallel printer (for FAX) Options: 19 inch rack mounting kit, service manual Supplier: (US) Universal Radio, 6830 Americana Parkway, Reynoldsburg, Ohio, OH 43068, USA Tel: 614 866 4267 (UK) Martin Lynch, 140-142 Northfield Avenue, Ealing, London, W13 9SB, United Kingdom Tel: +44 181 566 1120 ----------------------------------------------------------- 6-A.5 Timewave units Decoder/DSP unit: DSP-599zx URL: http://www.timewave.com/amprods.html Description: A highly flexible DSP noise and data filter with many configuarble features. One option is with the use of their DSP-RTTY software, it can decode several digital modes. Synopsis (features):Hyper-speed DSP Processor with 80 KB Ram Field upgradeable design keeps you up to date LCD display for Visible MemoryTM and Calibrated FiltersTM Wideband filter for AM and FM (VHF & UHF) Continuous filter tuning up to 5,000 Hz using optical encoders Voice, Lowpass, Highpass, from 200 Hz - 5,000 Hz CW and Data filters 10 Hz to 600 Hz wide Audio Test Instrument Generator, Millivoltmeter, & Tone Decoder Manual notch Heterodyne Eliminator Provides noise reduction Bandpass filters Bandwidths range from 10 Hz to 600 Hz, and center frequencies from 200 Hz to 2150 Hz. Can function as a DSP front end to popular TNCs such as KAM, PK-232, MFJ-1278 Functions as a dedicated TU for a PC with the appropriate software Modes Decoded: RTTY Shifts: 170, 200, 425, 850 Hz Data Rates: 45, 50, 57, 75 Baud Has data filters for: AMTOR PACTOR SSTV PSK31 PACKET G-TOR CW Extras Required: DSP-RTTY software requires: 486 PC or better, Microsoft Windows 95®, Windows 98®, or NT 4.0, 5MB free hard disk space, and 8 MB RAM (16MB recommended), and a Timewave DSP-599zx or DSP-59Y Signal Processor. ----------------------------------------------------------- 6-A.6 Decoder/Receiver Control Software In this section, software that combines control over 1 or more receiver models *and* digital decoding capabilities will be discussed ----------------------------------------------------------- Decoder: Radiocom URL: http://www.computer-int.com/rc.htm Level: Mid Level Software Synopsis: This package is unique in that it includes control modules for some 80 receivers and transceivers. It includes some sophisticated tools for analysis as well as DSP capability. Modes Decoded: RTTY SITOR including NAVTEX support Synop CW PSK31 FAX (AM/FM for satellite FAX supported) SSTV (5.2-all modes) (4.0- Color, Scottie 1, Martin 1, SC2 180, Robot 72) DCF77 (4.0) Analysis Tools: Audio Analyzer Dual Scopes Frequency Analyzer Time and Spectrum Scopes Audio recorder Programmable Filters and Equalizers including FFT functions Extras Required: Pentium/Celeron at 200 MHz or better 64 MB Ram Duplex sound card with line in Com port (for receiver/transceiver ctl) Windows 95/98/NT4.0 SP3, ME, XP Graphics card at 1024x768 16 bit minimum Supplier: Computer International 207 South US Rte 27 St.Johns, Michigan 48879-1903 Tel/FAX: 517-224-1791 1-877-977-6918 Email: computer-int@mintcity.com ------------------------------------------------ Decoder: Hamscope URL: http://www.qsl.net/hamscope Level: Mid Level Software Synopsis: Decoding software which uses numerous external engines for interfaces. It also has receiver controls for Icom, TenTec, Kenwood and Yaesu transceivers. Can interface with several popular logging programs. A DDE server comes standard for building other connections to the program. Modes Decoded: PSK31 RTTY ASCII Packet MFSK16 CW Analysis Tools: Spectrum Display Extras Required: Requires the MMTTY and AGWPE engines for Rtty and Packet operations, respectivly. Runs on Pentium 133 Mhz or better, 16 bit SVGA card required for spectrum display. Operating systems include Win9x, NT, 2000, XP and ME ------------------------------------------------ Decoder: MixW URL: http://mixw.net Level: Mid Level Software Synopsis: A powerful decoding package with multiple tuning options, macro control of numerous transceivers/receivers, macro language and a flexible logging option. The waterfall and other display options can also be used on SSB. Modes Decoded: Baudot RTTY Ascii BPSK31/QPSK31 PSK63 (via a macro command) Throb Hellschreiber Pactor I (receive only) Packet (see note below) FAX SSTV (Martin 1/2,Scottie 1/2/DX,Robot 36/72,MP115,TTT, BW 8/12/24/36/43) MT63 FSK31 AMTOR A/B MFSK Analysis Tools: Waterfall, oscilliscope, audio spectrum analysis Extras Required: Due to licensing requirements, use of Q15X25 requires a seperate dll which can be downloaded from the MixW web site. Minimum system; 486/100 Pentium, 166 recommended 16 MB RAM 3.5 MB space runs on Win9x, ME, MT4, 2000, XP ------------------------------------------------ Decoder: Winradio Universal FSK Decoder URL: http://www.winradio.com/home/fskdecoder.htm Level: Sophisticated digital software Synopsis: While this software doesn't decode all of the modes that the Hoka series does, it does introduce modes not commonly found on Windows-based software. In addition, the page mentions that other modes can be added by modifying various decoding parameters, suggesting that the architecture of this software can be configured by the user, which is highly unusual in any software sold today. Modes Decoded: ARQ1000D ARQ-E ARQ-N ARQ-6 ARQ6-70 ARQ6-90 ARQ6-98 ARQ-E3 Baudot ASCII Packet POL-ARQ SITOR-A SITOR-B NAVTEX Raw Bits SI-ARQ SWED-ARQ Analysis Tools: Spectrum Analyzer Eye Pattern Scope Bit and baud estimations done in the Time Estimations module via histogram Character Translation tables with independent histogram Extras Required: IBM PC compatible computer (200 MHz or higher, or MMX CPU any speed) Windows 95/98/2000 or NT4 32 MB of RAM, 3 MB of free disk space SoundBlaster compatible sound card or a DSP-based WiNRADiO receiver WiNRADiO receiver Supplier: WiNRADiO Communications 222 St. Kilda Road St. Kilda 3182 Australia Tel: +61 3 9525 5300 Fax: +61 3 9525 3560 Info: info@winradio.com Sales: sales@winradio.com Support: support@winradio.com A list of dealers for various parts of the world can be found at the following URL; http://www.winradio.com/home/contacts.htm ---------------------------------------------------------------- Decoder: Winradio Digital Suite URL: http://www.winradio.com/home/ds.htm NOTE: also see http://www.winradio.com/home/ads.htm as most of the same functionality appears to exist. Level: Mid Level Software Synopsis: This is the first of two software packages developed for use with the Winradio family. Its modest requirements plus a built-in spectrum analyzer and oscilloscope should make tuning in Packet and other signals a breeze. A couple of VHF modes are also supported Modes Decoded: HF Fax Packet Radio (HF and VHF) Digital Tone Multi-Frequency Signalling (DTMF) Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) Analysis Tools: Signal Classifier Note: identifies voice, noise, data or silent channel Audio Oscilloscope and Spectrum Analyzer Squelch-controlled Audio Recorder and Playback Extras Required: IBM PC compatible (100 MHz Pentium or higher) Windows 95/98/2000 or NT4 8 MB of RAM, 3 MB of free disk space 16 bit Soundblaster compatible soundcard Winradio unit Supplier: WiNRADiO Communications 222 St. Kilda Road St. Kilda 3182 Australia Tel: +61 3 9525 5300 Fax: +61 3 9525 3560 Info: info@winradio.com Sales: sales@winradio.com Support: support@winradio.com A list of dealers for various parts of the world can be found at the following URL; http://www.winradio.com/home/contacts.htm ---------------------------------------------------------------- Decoder: Mscan Meteo Pro URL: http://www.mscan.com/ Level: Mid-level Software Synopsis: A program that is geared toward the maritime and sailing industry. It's unique in that in can use either a Soundcard input or a dedicated modem (PTC-II series supported) as input.Images stored in .rtf format. As of May 2002, new version of Mscan includes receiver control for Icom, JRC, HF-150, Quadrad and Ten Tec RX-320 Modes Decoded: Baudot RTTY Navtex Weather FAX Analysis Tools: None Extras Required: Pentium Computer with soundcard (?) Supplier: CombiTech International P.O. Box 8041 NL-4330EA Middelburg The Netherlands Tel: +31 118 601665 Fax: +31 118 601104 E-Mail: combitech@mscan.com A list of worldwide distributors can be found at: http://www.mscan.com/mscan/agents.html ---------------------------------------------------------------- Decoder: RXPlus URL: http://www.cam.org/~noelbou/RxPlus Level: Mid-level Software Synopsis: This program was originally created to control the RX320, but now is adding Drake and Icom receivers, with more to come. It also has an DSP audio filter and other features. Modes Decoded: Baudot RTTY FAX SSTV PSK31 Analysis Tools: Waterfall display Extras Required: none Supplier: available through website and RXPlus Yahoo group ====================================================================== 6-A.7 Skysweeper URL: http://www.skysweep.com Description: This package decodes several modes, and at the same time, in the standard edition, has a built in set of DSP tools. This package is unique in that you can purchase it in various levels (indicated in parenthesis in the Modes section), all of which can build onto one another. Modes Decoded: (Lite) CW RTTY PSK31 PSK63 PSK125 MFSK16 2MFSK16 4MFSK16 Skyboost, Recorder Timer SSTV HELLSCHREIBER (Standard Plus) Same as above plus QPSK31, SSTV, Hellschreiber (transmit) Additional Receive Modes:AX25 Packet (3.02 version) DGPS, GMDSS/DSC (HF and VHF), HFDL, HF FAX, ALE, PACTOR 1, SELCAL, SITOR A/B, SHIP, SYNOP, Satellite FAX, PSK105 Hell, PSK245 Hell, Feld Hell MFSK36/CROWD36, DTMF, PICCOLO 6/12 COQUELET8/13 Stanag 4285, Stanag 5066 SSTV Modes: Martin 1/2, Scottie 1/2, Scottie DX (Professional) All of the above, plus configurable generic decoders FSK MFSK MPSK MSK PAM PSK QPSK Stanag 4285, Stanag 5066 DSP and Analysis Tools: (Lite, Standard Plus): FIR, NOISEMIN, NOTCH, MIXER, SHIFT, PITCH, Signal Recorder, Hum removal Autocorrelation High Resolution FFT 3FFT Spectrum and Waterfall (Professional): Modulation speed, Signal phase and bit domain analysis, Online/Offline Bit Analyzer, PSK Speed Analyzer Recommended System requirements: Win9x, Win2000, WinME, Win NT and WinXP 600 Mhz (recommended 1 Ghz) processor 64 MB RAM (recommended 128 MB) 30MB disk space duplex sound card Contact Information: Registrations: info2@skysweep.com FAX: 358 9 8514639 Customer Service: info2@skysweep.com Technical Support: tech@skysweep.com Feedback: feedback@skysweep.com Dealers: UK Pervisell 8 Temple End, High Wycombe, Bucks HP13 5DR Tel. +44 1494 443033 Fax: +44 1494 448236 Email: sales@pervisell.com Internet: www.pervisell.com USA Computer Aided Technologies P.O. Box 18285 1112 Francais Dr. Shreveport, LA 71118 USA Phone (USA - Toll free) (888)-722-6228 (24 hours) Phone (OUTSIDE USA) 318)-687-4444 (24 hours) FAX (318)-686-0449 (24 hours) Questions or Technical Assistance: 318-687-2555 (9am to 3pm Central Time) Email: scancat@scancat.com Internet: www.scancat.com =============================================================================== 6-B AMATEUR RADIO/HOBBY UNITS =============================================================================== 6-B.1 OUT OF PRODUCTION/DISCONTINUED MODELS ===================================== This chart will attempt to summarize those models that have been discontinued, are out of production or the original company no longer exists. The addresses listed are the last ones known; they may or may not be valid any longer. UNIT NAME |M|L|SYNOPSIS |MODES -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- AEA DSP 232, |1| |Dedicated TNCs which at one time |Baudot,Ascii,Navtex, DSP 2232 | | |could be used for both terrestrial |TDM, PACTOR, AMTOR | | |and satellite work. 2 different |modes A/B/Listen, | | |modems were available along with TDM|HF and VHF Packet, | | |decoding- a first for an amateur |CW | | |TNCs. The 232 had 1 port, the | | | |2232 had 2 ports which could be used| | | |for gateway operations | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- AEA PK900 |1| |A dual-port TNC with all the modes |Baudot RTTY,Ascii,CW, | | |used for the original PK232 plus a |Pactor,Packet,HFFAX, | | |G3RUH compatible modem on port 2 |Amtor/Sitor,Navtex, | | |for satellite packet operation |ARQ-M2 (TDM) -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ ERA Microreader Mk2|3|E|A self-contained decoder w/16 char |Baudot RTTY:45.45 version 4.2 | | |LCD display of incoming text,decodes|50,75,100bd, | | |all basic HF modes and includes a |SITOR-A/B, CW | | |Morse tutor. Serial port allows text| | | |to PC. 12V DC power supply needed. | | | |LED tuning bar graph supported. | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- Franklin Converter |4| |PC based software and external |SSTV 15 modes [10/95mt] | | |converter can receive, store and |RTTY,CW,ASCII, | | |process FAX. Supports common amateur|NAVTEX,AMTOR | | |modes. Audio spectrum analyzer and | | | |tuning scope supported. | | | | | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- KAM+ Multi-Mode |6| |Stand-alone unit supports all |AMTOR,RTTY,ASCII, Controller | | |amateur modes and is the ONLY unit |GTOR,PACTOR,CW, | | |that support GTOR. Dual port |HF&VHF PACKET, | | |operation supported. Programmable |NAVTEX,WEFAX | | |Mark/Space supported. |support available -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- KAM98 Multimode |6| |Updated version of the KAM+. Cont- |Same as KAM+ except: Controller | | |inues support for GTOR, and adds |WEFAX now standard, | | |EMWIN and GPS support. Now has 2 |adds EMWIN, GPS and | | |A/D ports and 2 Control line |remote control, | | |inputs. |telemetry and HF | | | |email. -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ Lowe Mode Master |7|E|Easy to use software-based decoder |Baudot RTTY, CW, | | |from the makers of the popular HF- |SITOR-A, SITOR-B, | | |series receivers. The system de- |FAX | | |codes the basic HF systems and also | | | |provides a map facility for driving | | | |the system. IBM PC needed. | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ Momentum Communi- |8|E|A self-contained decoder,requires a |Baudot RTTY:45.45 cations MCL 1100 | | |composite monitor for display. On- |50,75,100,110,200 "Easy Reader" | | |screen tuning graph is displayed w/ |300bd, ASCII:45.45 | | |status line. Auto or manual tuning |50,75,100,110,200 | | |of signal supported. Optional serial|300bd. SITOR-A/B, | | |port supported. 12V DC power supply |CW | | |needed. | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- Personal Code |B| |Hardware card supports the common |CW, RTTY, FAX, Explorer [4/93 MT]| | |modes with good FAX performance. |SITOR-A/B, PACKET | | |Needs a CPU w/greater then 8MHz |ASCII, Navtex | | |speed, 512K memory, 1 serial port. | | | |Includes tuning scope and will store| | | |FAX but not RTTY output. | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- 6-B.2 CURRENT MODELS ============== UNIT NAME |M|L|SYNOPSIS |MODES -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- BMK-MULTY v3.43 |2| |Versatile unit supports the amateur |RTTY,CW,AMTOR, | | |modes. Audio signal analyzer (opt) |PACTOR (opt), FAX | | |and logging are supported. Supports |and SSTV (opt) | | |transmit on all modes. Supports a | | | |variety of interfaces: ST5/6,AEA-CP1| | | |BARTG MULTYTERM,G3LIV PC internal | | | |modem,G3IQI modem. Low cost options | | | |(20.00) and upgrades (5-10.00) | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ HAL P38 |5| |The only game in town for afford- |CLOVER DXP38 | | |able Clover processing. This plug-in|P-Mode,AMTOR, | | |DSP card works on 386/486 based DOS |BAUDOT,ASCII | | |computers. It offers programmable | | | |tones for AMTOR, PACTOR and RTTY and| | | |supports all CLOVER modulation | | | |formats. Note: DXP38 is external | | | |DSP unit, identical specs | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ HAL DSP4100 |5| |DSP Driven modems for digital ops |CLOVER PCI4100 | | |Provides CLOVER mode along with |P-Mode,AMTOR, | | |AMTOR, P-Mode and Baudot support. |BAUDOT,ASCII | | |DSP4100= | | | |This is an external modem requiring | | | |10-18vdc and is flash upgradable | | | |PCI4100= | | | |Unit is a plug-in PC card. Requires | | | |a full length slot, 286 or better. | | | |Flash upgradable | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- KAM-XL Multimode |6| |This version is believed to replace |Packet 300/1200 baud Controller | | |the KAM98. It will include dual |GTor | | |mailboxes, and is GPS compatible. |PACTOR 1 | | |Remote control, sysop access, |PSK31 | | |Host and KISS modes supported. |RTTY | | |Dual ports (one may be devoted to |NAVTEX/AMTEX | | |HF operations) are supplied. |ASCII | | | |WXFAX | | | |AMTOR ARQ | | | |CW -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- MFJ1213 PC |9| |Computer interface that allows user |supports Hamcomm interface | | |to copy RTTY and FAX. Hamcomm and |and JVFAX style | | |JVFax supplied. Autosave and ATC |software -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- MFJ1214PC |9| |Tuning indicator for RTTY, CW speed |RTTY,CW,ASCII, | | |tracking, WeFAX can show 16 grey |WeFAX and color | | |levels or full color. FAX requires |FAX | | |512k RAM and can zoom. VGA is | | | |supported.Auto Signal Analyzer | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- MFJ1224/1225 |9| | A basic interface for Commodore or |RTTY,ASCII,CW | | |IBM compatibles for digital xsmn. | | | |8 pole filter for 170hz RTTY and | | | |CW. Built in tuning indicator | | | |(Note: MFJ1225 is identical in | | | |functions but is receive-only) | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- MFJ1276 |9| |20 LED bargraph for tuning. 32K |Packet (HF/VHF), | | |email memory is available. Note: |PACTOR | | |MFJ1276T is identical but has an | | | |additional 2400 baud modem. | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- MFJ1278B |9| |Fax/SSTV supports 16 grey levels and|RTTY,PACKET,FAX, | | |color. SSTV supports Robot color |PACTOR,SITOR-A/B, | | |36/72, Robot B/W 8/12/24/36, Scotty |SSTV (color),ASCII, | | |color 1/2, Martin color 1/2 and AVT |CW,GPS compatible | | |90/94. VIS tones are supported. | | | |Signals analysis supported on RTTY, | | | |ASCII,PACKET,SITOR-A/B. 20 LED | | | |tuning indicator included. | | | | | | | |Options: MFJ1278/DSP - DSP installed| | | | MFJ1278BT - 2400bd packet | | | | mode built in | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- PC HF Facsimile |A| |This software combines their older |CW v8.0 | | |HF Fax and PC/SWL programs. Now |Baudot | | |runs under Windows. Supports |Ascii | | |tuning and digital scopes, auto- |SITOR A/B | | |signal ID, tunable filters and |Navtex,WX FAX | | |variable shifts, unattended capture | | | |and printing. | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- Tigertronics BP-2M |C| |A serial converter that can feed |Depends on program | | |many different HF/VHF decode pgms |used | | |like Hamcomm. A DOS program (suppl-| | | |ied) is used to set the converter | | | |to 'modes' which can process the | | | |audio to a serial DB25 input | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+----------------- Timewave PK232DSP |D| | A new version of the AEA PK232 with|RTTY,ASCII,CW, /PSK31 | | |updated DSP filters and firmware |PACTOR,300/1200 baud | | |changes which allow for automatic |Packet,FAX, | | |switching of filters dependent on |AMTOR/SITOR,NAVTEX | | |mode. Changes are user installable |Mailbox ops, | | |by changing EEPROMS and some simple |ARQ-M2 (TDM) | | |soldering. The PSK31 version |PSK31 (PK232/PSK31 | | |includes a soundcard interface for |version only) | | |this popular mode | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Suppliers: (1) AEA went out of business in 1996; some of its older digital products are supported by Timewave (item D) (2) written by G4BMK, distributed by BARTG software sales (3) ERA, 26 Clarendon Court, Winwick Quay, Warrington, WA2 8QP, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1925 573118 [NOTE: Thought to be out of business] (4) Logic Limited, 113 Cascade St., Morganton, NC 28655 Tel: orders (800) 439-8898 tech line (704) 437-1833 [NOTE: Thought to be out of business] (5) HAL Communications Corp, P.O. Box 365, Urbana, IL 61801-0365 Tel: (217) 367-7373 email: halcomm@halcomm.com http://www.halcomm.com/ (6) Kantronics 1202 East 23rd Street Lawrence KS. 66046 Phone: (785)842-7745 FAX: (785)842-2031 email: sales@kantronics.com http://www.kantronics.com/uhfvhfhf.htm (7) Lowe Electronics, Chesterfield Road, Matlock, Derbyshire, DE4 5LE, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 1629 580800 Inquiries: info@lowe.co.uk http://www.lowe-electronics.com/ (8) Momentum Communications, 6-7 Clarkson Place, Dudley Road, Lye, West Midlands, DY9 8EL, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1384 896879 [NOTE: Thought to be out of business] (9) MFJ, Box 494, Miss. State, MS 39762 Tel: orders (800) 647-1800 tech line (800) 647-TECH(8324) Email: mfjcustserv@mfjenterprises.com Products: http://www.mfjenterprises.com/index.php (A) Software Systems Consulting, 615 S. El Camino Real San Clemente, CA 92672 Tel: (714) 498-5784 Email: dpekin@ssccorp.com http://www.ssccorp.com/ (B) Microcraft Corporation, Box 513M, Thiensville, WI 53092 Tel: (414) 241-8144 [NOTE: Thought to be out of business] (C) Tigertronics, 400 Daily Lane, Grants Pass Oregon 97527 phone: (541)474-6700 http://www.tigertronics.com/home.htm (D) Timewave Technology Inc. 58 Plato Blvd. E. St. Paul, MN 55107 U.S.A. Voice 651-222-4858 Fax 651-222-4861 E-mail: sales@timewave.com Technical: techsupport@timewave.com http://www.timewave.com/amprods.html The PK900 is listed in Timewave's web site as being discontinued; However, there was an update program in place for the 900, 232 and 2232 units. The status of this update program is not known. ================================================================= 6-B.3 Self Contained Units In this section, those units that have LCD or similar readouts built into the unit themselves will be discussed. Some may have outputs so they can be read on a larger screen. ----------------------------------------------------------------- Decoder: Universal M450 version 1.5 URL: http://www.universal-radio.com/catalog/decoders/0450.html Description: Entry level decoder for Beginners Synopsis: An easy-to-use decoder with most of the common modes found on both VHF, UHF and HF. Self-contained unit with a two line LCD display providing for 40 characters of text, there is also an 8000 character scrollable buffer which holds incoming text for review later. The M450 includes a serial port for connection to PC so a separate interface for text capture is not necessary. A control program for the serial interface is included. Modes Decoded: Baudot RTTY 45, 50, 57, 75, 100 Baud Baudot RTTY 60, 66, 75, 100, 132 WPM SITOR-A SITOR-B ASCII (ITA-5/IRA) 75, 110, 150 Baud FEC-A 96, 144 Baud FAX 120 LPM, 576 IOC SWED-ARQ DTMF 16 digits CTCSS (PL) 41 standard tones DCS (DPL) 104 standard codes Analysis Tools: LED Indicators for Mark, Space, Input and Data Extras Required: Graphics compatible parallel printer (for FAX) Supplier: (US) Universal Radio, 6830 Americana Parkway, Reynoldsburg, Ohio, OH 43068, USA Tel: 614 866 4267 (UK) Martin Lynch, 140-142 Northfield Avenue, Ealing, London, W13 9SB, United Kingdom Tel: +44 181 566 1120 -------------------------------------------------- Decoder: AOR TDF-370 URL: http://www.universal-radio.com/catalog/decoders/2711.html Level: Casual use with PSK31 interface makes it useful for hams as well as those wanting an introduction to some common modes. Synopsis: A brand new DSP driven unit- can be used in a standalone configuration or fed thru a computer (RTTY only). Uses 4 different filters for voice, and 3 for CW modes. Modes Decoded: PSK31 CW RTTY (45, 50 and 75 baud-170,425,850 hz shift) SSTV: Robot 36 Robot 72 Scottie 1,2 AVT90, 94 Analysis Tools: None Extras Required: SSTV requires a separate terminal program to display output Options: None Supplier: (US) Universal Radio, 6830 Americana Parkway, Reynoldsburg, Ohio, OH 43068, USA Tel: 614 866 4267 ----------------------------------------------------------- Decoder: MFJ-462B MultiReader URL: http://www.mfjenterprises.com/products.php?prodid=MFJ-462B Description: Entry level decoder for Beginners Synopsis: Read data from 2 line LCD readout with contrast adjustment. 8k memory buffer standard Modes Decoded: RTTY CW FEC (AMTOR-FEC, also known as Sitor-B) ASCII Analysis Tools: Tuning Indicator, CW Speed Tracking Extras Required: Epson compatible printer required for printing 12 VDC or use 110 VAC with MFJ-1312B AC adapter Supplier: MFJ, Box 494, Miss. State, MS 39762 Tel: orders (800) 647-1800 tech line (800) 647-TECH(8324) Email: mfjcustserv@mfjenterprises.com Products: http://www.mfjenterprises.com/index.php -------------------------------------------------- Decoder: AOR ARD-2 URL: http://www.universal-radio.com/catalog/decoders/3763.html Level: Beginner Synopsis: A small handheld unit that allows the user to view ACARS or NAVTEX data on a small LCD screen. It's unique in that it supports NAVTEX data in both English and Japanese. It can send data to a PC via a DB9 Port Modes Decoded: ACARS, NAVTEX Analysis Tools: None Extras Required: 12 VDC or 4 AA batteries DB9 RS232 cable required for data transfer to PC Options: none Supplier: Universal Radio 6830 Americana Parkway Reynoldsburg Oh. 43068 Sales: (800)431-3939 Info: (614)866-4627 FAX: (614)866-2339 Email: dx@universal-radio.com NOTE: Recently marked as discontinued on Universal's website =============================================================================== 6-C. PUBLIC DOMAIN/SHAREWARE SOFTWARE =============================================================================== UNIT NAME |M|L|SYNOPSIS |MODES -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ Hamcomm (Version 3)|1|I|This PC-based decoder is trialware. |Baudot RTTY:45- | | |The interface, which connects to the|200bd, CW 5-40wpm, | | |PC serial port, can be built at |SITOR-A/B, ASCII | | |little cost. Despite being low-cost |PACTOR (registered | | |the decoder is a fine piece of soft-|only) Signal | | |ware w/features found in decoders |Osciloscope Spectrum | | |costing over $100. PC, monitor and |Analyser Bit Len. | | |1 serial port needed. |Analyser Tuning Aid | | | |+ Meteo SYNOP,SHIP | | |30 days free. registration: US$30 |and WX decoder. -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ RadioRaft 3.21 |2|I|A DOS based program that supports |BAUDOT,ASCII,SITOR | | |automatic decoding,speeds from 10 to|A/B,ARQ-E,ARQ-M2/4 | | |6400bps,bit display for analysis |PACKET,ARQ-E3, | | |(DIGIT). This allows setting word |ROU-FEC,FEC-A, | | |size,parity,sync/async,bin/hex and |SI-ARQ,SWED-ARQ, | | |character code options. Can be fed |ARQ6-90/98,CIS-11, | | |by a comparator or dedicated |SPREAD11/21/51,CW, | | |modem |AUTOSPEC,SI-FEC, | | | |ARQ-N,HNG-FEC,Oscar | | | |11 UOSAT,ACARS, | | |386/486/Pentium,VGA,com port,650K |GMDSS/DSC,PACTOR I, | | |disk,550K mem,runs in DOS. LITE |DUP-ARQ,POCSAG, | | |version freely available, USD28 for |DGPS,1382,POL-ARQ | | |registered version. | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ XPERTA |3| |A program that evidently can decode |XPH | | |the polytones used by station XPH | | | |(thought to be Russian in origin) | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- JVComm32 |4| |Version 1.22 includes new ability |Baudot RTTY | | |to decode Synop messages, NAVTEX |FAX | | |and RTTY, as well as Meteo FAX and |Navtex, | | |many different types of SSTV. Can |SSTV, | | |use either Soundcard input or a |Synop decode | | |serial interface | | | |Registration is 60 Euros | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ Terman 93 |5| |DOS based program that requires a |Baudot RTTY | | |RS232 level comparitor for a signal |AMTOR | | |conversion. Can run on a 286, but |PACTOR (ARQ, FEC | | |386 or better recommended. |and listen) -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ Meteoware |6| |A unique program that takes SYNOP |A program that would | | |codes and translates them into |capture SYNOP text | | |several languages, including English|onto a text file is | | |Dutch, German or French |required. -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ Intercom |7| |This program decodes Feldhell, a |CW,Baudot RTTY, | | |relatively new ham mode. It can |ASCII,BPSK31,FEC, | | |accept input from either a soundcard|ARQ,FELDHELL | | |or a XR2206 processor | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ MMTTY |8| |A RTTY decoding program; although |Baudot RTTY, also | | |it's limited to one mode, it can |has DSP and notch | | |be used as a plug in to several |functions | | |other packages | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ TrueTTY |9| |This package includes several tuning|Baudot RTTY,ASCII, | | |aids, keyboard shortcuts. It's |PSK31,SITOR-B/NAVTEX, | | |soundcard compatible and can integ- |MULTIFSK16,PACKET, | | |rate with other DXSoft products |DTMF,SELFEC -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ SeaTTY |9| |A package oriented toward mariners |Baudot RTTY, HF FAX, | | |with FAX and NAVTEX capabilities. |NAVTEX | | | | | | | | -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ MultiPSK |A| |This package decodes several newer |BPSK31,QPSK31,PSK63, | | |ham modes, as well as having some |PSKAM,PSK63F, | | |DSP/filtering options as well as |PSKFEC31,CW,CCW, | | |macro controls. Unique among these |Throb4,ThrobX,Baudot | | |packages is auto detection of BPSK |RTTY,AMTOR A/B, | | |modes. |NAVTEX,FELDHELL, | | | |PSK HELL,FAX,SSTV -------------------+-+-+------------------------------------+------------------ Multimode |B| | The only multimode system that is |CW,RTTY,SSTV,FAX,ALE, | | | supported on a MAC. Supports |NAVTEX ACARS,PACKET, | | | several HF/VHF modes |PSK31,SITOR A/B, | | | |HELLSCHREIBER,DTMF, | | | |EIA,CCIR,CTCSS, | | | |SELCAL,LORAN-C Suppliers: (1) W. F. Schroeder, Augsburger Weg 63, D-33102 Paderborn, Germany Also on many BBSes and Internet Archives. Unofficial page: http://www.pervisell.com/ham/hc1.htm (2) Francois Guillett, F6FLT http://perso.wanadoo.fr/radioraft or http://radioraft.free.fr/ email: F6FLT@TheOffice.net Fully registered versions can be bought from: PERVISELL Ltd , 8 Temple End, High Wycombe, Bucks, HP13 5DR, GREAT BRITAIN - Tel +01494 443033 Fax +01494 448236 http://www.pervisell.com NOTE: See this site for other models of comparators: http://www.pervisell.com/ham/index.html#Demodulators Dieter DIPPEL, DF4RD, Muggenhofer Str. 193, D-90429 Nürnberg, GERMANY - Tel/fax 0911 3 18 79 48 contact: DF4RD@qsl.net (3) Available from the following site (note: all in Spanish): http://anas.worldonline.es/tarabicu/xperta.htm (4) Eberhart Backeshoff Obschwarzback 40A 40822 Mettman Germany URL: http://www.JVComm.de/ Email: E.Backeshoff@jvcomm.de (5) Available for download from: http://www.baycom.org/~tom/ham/ham.html (6) Available for download from: http://www.geocities.com/meteoware/ (7) More information: http://home.uwnet.nl/~pa3byz/rttymade.htm (8) More information: http://mmhamsoft.ham-radio.ch/mmtty/index.html (9) TrueTTY product page: http://www.dxsoft.com/en/products/truetty/ SeaTTY product page: http://www.dxsoft.com/en/products/seatty/ Registration is sent via EMetrix, Regsoft and Regnow NOTE: Virtual drivers and hardware emulators can be found at the bottom of the TrueTTY home page. These emulators may be required for Win2000 and XP systems (A) Home page: http://members.aol.com/f6cte/multipsk_e.htm (B) Home page: http://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/multimode.html ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-D. SELECTED SOUNDCARD INTERFACES Where 'software available' appears, the manufacturer either supplies a CD Rom (sometimes for an additional fee) or has links to compatible software. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A. Rigblaster and Nomic [software available] West Mountain Radio 18 Sheehan Avenue Norwalk, CT 06854 Phone 203.853.8080 Fax 203.299.0232 URL: http://www.westmountainradio.com/ B. Tigertronics Signalink SL-1+ Sound Card Interface [software available] P.O. Box 5210 Grants Pass, Oregon 97527 Phone: 1-800-8BAYPAC (822-9722) FAX: (541)474-6703 URL: http://www.tigertronics.com/sl+main.htm C. Windows SSTV VOX controller (useful for other modes, too) Peter Lockwood G8SLB, 36 Davington Road, Dagenham, Essex, RM8 2LR Email: G8SLB@QSL.net URL: http://www.angelfire.com/ok/g8slb/g8slbpg2.html#vox D. The 'Rascal' and the 'Rascal Isolated' interfaces [software available] BUX CommCo 115 Luenburg Drive Evington, VA 24550 FAX: (804) 525-7818 URL: http://www.buxcomm.com E. MFJ-1273 http://www.mfjenterprises.com/products.php?prodid=MFJ-1273B MFJ-1275 http://www.mfjenterprises.com/products.php?prodid=MFJ-1275 MFJ-1279 http://www.mfjenterprises.com/products.php?prodid=MFJ-1279 MFJ-1275M (Modular plug) http://www.mfjenterprises.com/products.php?prodid=MFJ-1275M MFJ-1279M (8 pin Modular Plug) http://www.mfjenterprises.com/products.php?prodid=MFJ-1279M MFJ-1279T (4 pin Modular Plug) http://www.mfjenterprises.com/products.php?prodid=MFJ-1279T NOTE; As of October 2002, the website lists the 1279 as also available for 220VAC Both the 1273 and 1279 models include CD ROM of software. MFJ, Box 494, Miss. State, MS 39762 Tel: orders (800) 647-1800 tech line (800) 647-TECH(8324) Email: mfjcustserv@mfjenterprises.com F. Donner's Digital Interfaces P.O. Box 158 Hamersville, Oh. 45130 Phone: 937-379-2517 FAX: 801-340-4805 URL: http://home.att.net/~n8st/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-E. TERMINAL NODE CONTROL/DEMODULATOR SUPPORT PROGRAMS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-E.1 DOS Programs These programs run in native DOS; some will run in Windows in a DOS box. Please see the supplied URL for specific information. All programs assume at least 640k of memory, 1 serial port as as a standard, and if any extra accessories are required, they will be mentioned. Software: Copycat Pro 2.1 URL: http://www.scancat.com/copypro.html TNCs: Universal M-7000, M-8000, AEA/Timewave PK-232, MFJ-1278 Extras: RS-232 converter required for M-7000 and M-8000; sold as CAT-7000 and CAT-8000 respectivly. Mouse supported. Software: NCPlus URL: http://web.inter.nl.net/hcc/PA0NC/ TNCs: SCS PTC plus Software: NCPtc2 URL: http://web.inter.nl.net/hcc/PA0NC/ TNCs: SCS PTCII Software: NCTerm URL: http://web.inter.nl.net/hcc/PA0NC/ TNCs: AEA/Timewave PK-232/PK-900 Software: XPCom URL: http://www.glaswerks.com/xpware/dos_programs.htm TNCs: AEA/Timewave PK-232, MFJ-1278, AEA/Timewave PK-88 Software: XPDual URL: http://www.glaswerks.com/xpware/dos_programs.htm TNCs: AEA/Timewave PK-900, DSP-2232 Software: XPKam URL: http://www.glaswerks.com/xpware/dos_programs.htm TNCs: KPC-9612 and several Kantronics packet modems Software: XPPci URL: http://www.glaswerks.com/xpware/dos_programs.htm TNCs: HAL P38, PCI-4000M, DSP-4000 Software: XPptc URL: http://www.glaswerks.com/xpware/dos_programs.htm TNCs: Paccomm PTC, SCS PTC, SCS PTC Plus ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-E.2 Windows Programs These programs assume Win 9x as a minimum OS; many will support 2000, XP, ME, ect. Please see the supplied URL for information. Software: Airmail 2000 (Pactor over HF email) URL: http://www.airmail2000.com/ TNCs: SCS PTC-II and IIe KAM +, KAM98 AEA/Timewave PK-232. PK-900, DSP-1232, DSP-2232 MFJ-1276, 1278B Hal DXP-38 Software: Alpha URL: http://www.dh7rg.de/Sites/Alpha/goEng.htm TNCs: SCS PTC+, PTC-II, PTC-IIE and PTC-IIPro Software: DSP-RTTY URL: http://www.timewave.com/dsprttyds.htm TNCs: Timewave DSP-599zx, DSP-59Y (Baudot Rtty only) Software: DSRTTY-Win URL: http://www.halcomm.com/DSRTTY-Win.htm TNCs: HAL modems such as ST-8000 or ST-8000A Software: Easyterm URL: http://www.mvhenley.com/eztpage.html TNCs: AEA, HAL, Kantronics TNCs SCS PTC-II Software: KAGold series URL: http://www.interflex.com/private/frame.htm TNCs: KaGOLD for the Kantronics KAM/KPC-1/KPC-2/KPC-3 and KPC-4 KaGOLD/PT w/PACTOR and GTOR support (for ALL Kantronics TNCs) Software: M7KTerm URL: http://www.trifid-nebula.de/m7000/m7000.htm TNCs: Universal M-7000 Software: Multicomm Host URL: http://www.cssincorp.com/multicommhost/ TNCs: MFJ-1276 with 1.2.9x firmware MFJ-1278 with 1.1.X firmware with BLP TAPR TNC-2 TNCS (packet only) Software: NCW95PK URL: http://web.inter.nl.net/hcc/PA0NC/ TNCs: AEA/Timewave PK-232/PK-900 Software: NCWinPTC URL: http://web.inter.nl.net/hcc/PA0NC/ TNCs: SCS-PTC series Software: Pakterm for Windows URL: http://www.cssincorp.com/pacterm/ TNCs: KAM 98 KAM XL Several Kantronics Packet-only modems DSP-1232 (Satellite Telemetry only) DSP-2232 (Satellite Telemetry only) Software: PKGold series URL: http://www.interflex.com/private/frame.htm TNCs: PkGOLD for AEA PK-88/PK-232 PkGOLD/PT as above but with PACTOR support PkGOLD/900 for the PK-900 (Dual Port, with Pactor support) dspGOLD for the DSP-1232/DSP-2232 (Dual Port, with Pactor support) Software: PKTerm for Windows URL: http://www.cssincorp.com/pkterm/ TNCs: HK-232 (firmware after Dec.1993),+ MBX model PK-232 (same as above),+ MBX and DSP models DSP-232 (firmware after Dec.1998) PK-290 DSP-1232 DSP-2232 PK-900 Several AEA/Timewave packet-only TNCs Software: RCKRtty URL: http://www.rckrtty.de/html/product_info_english.htm TNCs: RTTY and PSK31 with Soundcard SCS-PTC-IIpro, SCS-PTC-II, SCS-PTC-IIe, SCS-PTCplus AEA-PK232, AEA PK-232MBX, AEA-PK900 MFJ1278, MFJ1278B DSPCOM KAM, KAMPlus HAL-DXP38, HAL-DSP4100 Software: XPWare for Windows URL: http://www.glaswerks.com/xpware/xpware_for_windows.htm TNCs: AEA PK232, PK900, DSP232, DSP2232 (host mode) Other AEA/Timewave and Kantronics Packet modems SCS PTC, PTC+ and PTC-II Controllers Hal P38, PCI4000M and DSP-4100 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-E.3 Linux Programs Software: KTPC2 URL: http://kptc.sourceforge.net/ TNCs: SCS PTC-II, PTC-IIE, IIPro Software: Various utilities, see the page as stated URL: http://neurosis.hungry.com/~ben/software/index.html TNCs: M-7000, some Hoka units ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-F. DSP AUDIO PROGRAMS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- With the development and popularity of soundcard decoding programs, another kind of program came into existance - those that allow you to view an audio waveform and manipulate its characteristics. In some cases, one can define filters and analyze the signal utilizing an audio spectrum analyzer. This capability can be used to enhance your understanding of how a digital signal is constructed, and may give you clues as to the signal's type. This takes some study, but many digital DXers find tools such as these to be an invaluable aid. Software: Analyzer 2000 URL: http://www.brownbear.de Software: Audacity URL: http://audacity.sourceforge.net/ Software: Chromasound URL: http://www.barberdsp.com/csnd/csnd.htm Software: Diamond Cut Five/Live URL: http://www.enhancedaudio.com Software: DSPfilter URL: http://mmhamsoft.ham-radio.ch/dsp/index.htm Software: Echofilter URL: http://www.computecsa.co.za/echofilter Software: GNASP1 URL: http://www.boatanchors.de/software/gnasp1.html Software: Hamalyzer URL: http://www.hamalyzer.com Software: Spectra Plus URL: http://www.soundtechnology.com Software: Spectran URL: http://www.qsl.net/padan/spectran.html Software: Spectrogram URL: http://www.visualizationsoftware.com/gram/gramdl.html Software: SR5 URL: http://www.ar5.ndo.co.uk/ ===================================================================== Section 7. Reference Materials The following are a series of references related specifically to Utility Monitoring. They cover logs, technical information on signals and signal sources. You can never have enough references when it comes to Digital Utilities. 7-A. Selected Vendors and Sites ====================================================================== PC-Frequency: e-mail: support@frequencymanager.de http://www.frequencymanager.de/ Klingenfuss Publications: e-mail: klingenfuss@compuserve.com http://www.klingenfuss.org SHOC: e-mail: support@shoc.ch http://www.shoc.ch/ Monitoring Times: e-mail: mteditor@grove.net http://www.monitoringtimes.com HFFAX: e-mail: hffax@compuserve.com (Marius Rensen) http://www.hffax.de 7-B. Magazines and Books International Telecommunication Union The ITU publishes lots of information, all avaiable at cost, on all aspects of radio and its management. One of the best and most applicable documents the ITU makes available is: Spectrum Monitoring Handbook 1995 (ISBN: 92-61-05761-6) International Telecommunication Union Sales and Marketing Service Place des Nations CH - 1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Internet: sales@itu.ch Monitoring Times - An all round, covers all aspects of the shortwave hobby type of magazine. No regular RTTY column since Jack Albert stopped writing but covers some digital issues in their Federal File, Utility World or Digital Digest columns. This magazine is published by Grove Enterprises. Monitoring Times P.O. Box 98 300 S. Highway 64 West Brasstown, NC 28902-0098 704-837-9200 All rates quoted in US Dollars as of 2002/05 issue Electronic subscription: 19.95 for 1 year 38.90 for 2 years 57.85 for 3 years 6 months 1 year 2 years 3 years US Rate 14.00 25.95 49.95 73.95 US 1st class 29.50 56.95 111.95 166.95 Canada Surface 21.00 38.50 73.95 109.95 Foreign 30.00 57.50 112.95 168.50 RTTY Listener - This newsletter "was" available free of charge to owners of Universal decoder boxes (M1000, M1200, M7000 and M8000). Bound reprints are available from Universal. Last issue was published Dec '94 with a followup issue published in Apr '97. The reprints are good references if you own any of the Universal line of decoders. Universal Radio 6830 Americana Pkwy. Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 614-866-4267 Klingenfuss - Well known publisher of frequency reference guides. Their publications can be found at many radio/Ham equipment suppliers. The references tend to be Eurocentric but are non the less valuable and extensive. The Radio Data Code Manual (combined Radioteletype Code Manual and Air and Meteo Code Manual) is especially valuable for those that want some of the bit-level information about the various protocols found on the shortwave spectrum. A unique reference book for the digital monitor. Klingenfuss Publications Hagenloher Str. 14 D-72070 Tuebingen Germany From the Jan'97 catalog: 1997 Guide to Utility Stations [15th edition] DEM 80 1996/1997 Guide to Worldwide WeatherFax Services DEM 60 Radio Data Code Manual [15th edition] DEM 70 Siebel Verlag - A good solid reference, published every 2 years with good coverage of digital modes. While the text is written in German the frequency log are all easy to read. Check out WUN V2.3 March '96 for a complete review. Spezial-Frequenzliste 9kHz - 30MHz Ausgabe 1996/1997 By Rainer Brannolte/Wolf Siebel ISBN: 3-922221-80-7 Price: 34.80 DM Siebel Verlag Auf dem Steinbuechel 6 D-53340 Meckenheim Tel: ++49-2225-3032 Fax: ++49-2225-3378 7-C. Frequency Databases Klingenfuss 1997 Super Frequency List [3rd edition] DEM 60 Klingenfuss Publications Hagenloher Str. 14 D-72070 Tuebingen Germany Frequency Manager for Shortwave Listener Ingenieurburo fur Satellitentechnik 23000 up-to-date frequencies and 10000 callsigns for aero, coast, fixed, embassy, fax, volmet and military. More than 150 pages, descriptions, tables, all HF-systems as a technical handbook integrated in a special help system. Tables on NATO routing indicators, routing indicators for AFTN, callsigns, arabic translations, HF-systems, table of system parameters with users, recognizing PSK and formats of common telegramms PC-Frequenz US 60 Broadcast module (optional) US 20 Quarterly update US 20 NSK Ingenieurburo fur Satellitentechnik Muhlenweg 11 24217 Stakendorf Germany Tel: 01149 4344 6758 Fax: 01149 4344 5154 SHOC RadioData SHOC has a Utility database that covers many services such as DIPLO stations, Air, Maritime, Military, Police, Government, Disaster relief, United Nations, Defense, ICRC/Read Cross, Press Agencies, Telecom, FAX, Meteo and Time Signals. The database is maintained by professionals in the monitoring business and is continuously updated. The database includes info such as: frequency, station, callsign, mode, baudrate, shift, latitude and longitude of the transmitter. See their homepage for a complete list of supported database fields and information on the other databases and products they offer. RadioData Utility Database 300.00 SFr. Mail/FAX to: R.Haenggi Weiherhof 10 CH-8604 Volketswil Switzerland Tel: +41-1-997 15 55 FAX: +41-1-997 15 56 7-D. Tape and CD Reference Materials Klingenfuss - A unique way to test your decoder is to use one of the following audio reference materials. These sources allow you to hear and decode what the various modes sound like. Compact Cassette Recording of Modulation Types [6th edition] DEM 60 Compact Disc Recording of Modulation Types [1st edition] DEM 100 Klingenfuss Publications Hagenloher Str. 14 D-72070 Tuebingen Germany Siebel Verlag - A demonstration cassette is also available from the makers of the Spezial-Frequenzliste. The cassette includes a selection of commonly found signals: Baudot - various bauds and shifts, Sitor-A/B, ARQ-E, ARQ-E3, ARQ-M2, FEC-A, POL-ARQ, ROU-FEC, ARQ-SWE, TWINPLEX, PICCOLO-6, FAX and CW. Available from the address above. Price: 19.80 DM 7-E. Mailing Lists (Reflectors) ====================================================================== code3list: a mailing list dedicated to Hoka Code 3 and Code 3 Gold decoder. Not manufacturer sponsored. Topics include use, hints, tips, problems, etc. Subscription Policy: OPEN contact point: sscalsk@mail.ameritel.net (Stan Scalsky) code30users: a mailing list dedicated to the Hoka Code 30 decoder. Not manufacturer sponsored. Topics included use, tips, problems and issues related to analysis. Subscription Policy: CLOSED contact point: sscalsk@mail.ameritel.net (Stan Scalsky) Digitalradio: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/digitalradio/ This is a meeting place to discuss amateur radio digital applications such as RTTY, CW, PSK31, PSK63F, PSK10, MFSK16, THROB, ALE, PACTOR, HELL, SSTV and more. There are several reflectors dedicated to these separate modes but this egroup focuses on all digital modes. DXSoft: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/dxsoft/ For discussing DXsoft products such as TrueTTY and SeaTTY JVComm: http://www.jvcomm.de/forum/index.html For discussing the JVComm32 software Mixw: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mixw/ MMTTY: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/MMTTY/ AEA/Timewave PK232: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/PK232/ Rigblaster: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rigblaster/ RXPlus: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/RxPlus/ Skysweeper: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/skysweeper/ Worldwide Utility News: http://www.wunclub.com A worldwide electronic club dealing exclusively with Utility Signals on HF. Newsletter is sent on a monthly basis electronically. Topics covered include International Civil Aero, Logs, Digital Signals, Nautical, Military, Numbers and Longwave. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Section 8. Appendix 8-A. Appendix A - Abbreviations The use of abbreviations is becoming quite common and sometimes confusing in todays radio related literature. There has been an explosion of new DSP related technology in recent years being applied to all aspects of telecommunications. Below is a modest attempt to define some of the more frequent abbreviations as found in the radio monitoring literature. Trying to explain the theory behind many of these abbreviations would fill several sizeable textbooks so I will not attempt in depth explanations. A list of abbreviates can be lengthy so I have attempted to limit the list to those directly related to topics of modulation and analysis. Additions welcome. Abbreviations designating Modulations ------------------------------------- AFSK Audio Frequency Shift Keying APSK Amplitude Phase Shift Keying ASK Amplitude Shift Keying BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying CPFSK Continuous Phase FSK DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying FEK Frequency Exchange Keying FFSK Fast Frequency Shift Keying (also called MSK) FSK Frequency Shift Keying GFSK Wavecom term MFSK Multi Frequency Shift Keying MSK Minimum Shift Keying OOK On/Off Keying OQPSK Offset Quad Phase Shift Keying PCM Pulse Code Modulation PSK Phase Shift Keying QAM Quad Phase Shift Keying with Amplitude Modulation Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QPSK Quad Phase Shift Keying 2DPSK BPSK 2-phase Differential Phase Shift Keying 4DPSK QPSK 4-phase Differential Phase Shift Keying BPSM Binary Phase Shift Modulation QPSM Quadrature Phase Shift Modulation 8PSM 8-level PSM 8P2A 8PSM + 2-level ASM 16P4A 16PSM + 4-level ASM 8PSK 8-phase states 0/45/90/135/180/225/270/315, each phase change 16PSK 16-phase states or 22.5 degrees per phase, each phase change 8P2A ASK with 8PSK 16P4A ASK with 16PSK Abbreviations generally related to Radio and Analysis ----------------------------------------------------- ACF Auto Correlation Function ARQ Automatic Request for Repeat DFT Discrete Fourier Transform DSB Double Side Band FDM Frequency Domain Multiplex FEC Forward Error Correction FFT Fast Fourier Transform ISB Independent Side Band LSB Lower Side Band SSB Single Side Band TDM Time Domain Multiplex USB Upper Side Band VFT Voice Frequency Telegraphy 8-B. Appendix B - Emmission Classification Quite frequently emmission designators appear in logs from various sources including WUN logs. Not everyone, especially if you are not into amateur radio, is familiar with the meaning of the more commonly used classes such as F1B, F7B or B9W. Article 4, Section II, of the Radio Regulations, Geneva, 1986 defines the following symbols for the purpose of classifing emissions. The classification system is used by official monitoring stations in coordinating monitoring efforts. The correct classification of received emissions is also used to resolve and develop interference techniques and for station identification. For the complete description of an emission, the bandwidth (in 4 characters) is added in front of the classification. See the examples section. +------------------------ type of modulation on the carrier | +---------------------- nature of signal on main carrier | | +-------------------- type of information | | | +------------------ detail of signals | | | | +---------------- kind of multiplexing | | | | | +-------------- Group of system | | | | | | +------------ System in Group | | | | | | | aaaa X X X Y Y Z Z 123 - required 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 45 - optional +---+ +-+ +-+ 67 - supplement a) No modulation ----------> N unmodulated b) Amplitude modulation ----------> A DSB, double sideband c) Angle modulation --------+ H SSB, single sideband full carrier d) (b)+(c) combo or seq ------+ | R SSB, single sideband variable carrier e) Pulse ----+ | | J SSB, single sideband suppressed carrier f) None of the above --+ | | | B ISB independant sideband g) Everything else + | | | | C vestigial sideband | | | | | | | | | +-> F FM, frequency modulation +------------+ | | | | G Phase modulation | 1st symbol | | | | | +------------+ | | | +---> D combo | | | | | +-----> P unmodulated sequence of pulses | | K amplitude modulation | | L width or duration is modulated | | M position or phase is modulated | | Q angle modulated during pulse | | V pulse - other | | | +-------> W emission - other | +---------> X 0 No modulating signal 1 single channel/digital info/no modulating sub-carrier +------------+ 2 single channel/digital info/modulating sub-carrier | 2nd symbol | 3 single channel analog info +------------+ 7 2 or more channels digital info 8 2 or more channels analog info 9 composite system X other N No information A Telegraphy - aural reception B Telegraphy - automatic reception +------------+ C Fax | 3rd symbol | D Data or telemetry +------------+ E Telephone F Television W Combo of above X None of the above Appendix 6, part A of the Radio Regulation, Geneva, 1986 allows for two other classifications. If neither symbol is available then a - should appear in their place. A binary - elements of differing numbers/duration B binary - elements with same number and duration, no error correction C binary - elements with same number and duration, error correction D 4-ary - each condition equals 1 signal element E multi - each condition equals 1 signal element +------------+ F multi - each condition or combo equals 1 character | 4th symbol | G sound of broadcasting quality - monophonic +------------+ H sound of broadcasting quality - stero or quadrophonic J sound of commercial quality K sound of commercial quality w/frequency inversion or band-splitting L sound of commercial quality w/separate FM signals to control demod level M monochrome N color W combo of above X none of the above N none C code-division multiplexing +------------+ F frequency-division multiplexing | 5th symbol | T time-division multiplexing +------------+ W combined frequency-division and time-division multiplexing X other Supplementary information is not required but is usually helpful for a complete identification. The following table lists the currently known supplements as defined by the ITU. The table uses further qualifiers as listed below: In the case of multitone systems further qualification will be found showing duration of each tone, tone shift and number of tones. For example: TT2300b: 010/200/008 - 10ms tone duration - 200Hz shift between tones - 8 tones present in the signal For multichannel systems a similiar arrangement is used but will show shift in channel, channel spacing, number of channels. For example: BR6028: 170/340/007 - 170Hz channel shift - 340Hz channel spacing - 7 channels in the signal Supplements ----------- 6th symbol - Group of system A Morse C Asynchronous E ARQ F ARQ burst type H TWINPLEX J Unknown K FEC M Multitone N Radionavigation and location 7th symbol - actual system in group A- Morse H- TWINPLEX HA SITOR F7B-? C- Asynchronous HB F7B-1 CB telex Baudot HC F7B-2 CC telex Russian HD F7B-3 CD telex Arabic HE F7B-4 CK telex ASCII HF F7B-5 HG F7B-6 E- ARQ pulse train HH with ASCII EA ARQ-1000 duplex HK with Baudot EB ARQ-E3 HL F7 Baudot/Morse EC 342 TOR 1 kan HM F7 scr.pt/Morse ED 342 TOR 2 kan EE 342 TOR 4 kan J- Unknown EF 242 TOR 2 kan JA ARTRAC EK ARQ-N EL POL-ARQ K- Forward Error Correction EM TORG 10-11 KA FEC-100 KB SITOR-B F- ARQ (burst) KC FEC1000 Simplex FA Simplex/SITOR KD Autospec FB KE ROU-FEC FC ARQ 1000 Simplex KF HNG-FEC FD SWED-ARQ FE ARQ6-70 M- Multitone FF ARQ6-90 MA Piccolo MK6 w/ITA2 FG ARQ6-98 MB Piccolo MK6 w/ITA5 FH UN-ARQ MC Piccolo MK1/330 FI HC-ARQ MF Rus. Piccolo 1 025/040/034 FK RS-ARQ MG Rus. Piccolo 2 025/010/034 FL ARTRAC MH Rus. Piccolo 3 100/040/034 FN PACKET MI Rus. Piccolo 4 100/010/034 FX P 162 ML Coquelet MK1 MM Coquelet MK1 MP TT2300b Examples -------- N0N Unmodulated carrier A1A CW telegraphy, standard Morse alphabet, no sub-carrier A2A CW telegraphy, standard Morse alphabet, with sub-carrier A3E DSB, used by broadcasting stations B7B VFT on LSB, VFT on USB B8E ISB, often used by broadcasting stations (feeders) B9W voice on LSB, VFT on USB F1A Telegraphy, Cyrillic Morse alphabet F1B, F7B RTTY F1C, F2C, F3C FAX, FM J2C, J3C FAX, AM J3E SSB, telephony, suppressed carrier R3C FAX CLOVER 500HJ2DEN SITOR-A F1BCN FA BAUDOT F1BBN CB TWINPLEX F7B-2 F7BDX HB 175/200/175 .-. .-. / \ .-. .-. / \ / \ / \ .-. .-. / \ / \ /_The END_______/The END____/___\___/___\_____/The END______/_The END \ / \ / `-' \ / \ / \ / `-' `-' \ / `-' `-' Last Modified: |